Hellman R, Miśkiewicz A, Scharf B
Auditory Perception Laboratory, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1997 Apr;101(4):2176-85. doi: 10.1121/1.418202.
Simple loudness adaptation for pure tones was measured at frequencies from 0.125 to 16 kHz and at sensation levels from 5 to 60 dB. Sixteen young listeners with normal hearing participated in four experiments. Most of the loudness measurements were obtained by the method of successive magnitude estimation; some were also obtained by loudness matching. The two indices of loudness adaptation gave similar results. At all frequencies, loudness adaptation increased as sensation level decreased. After 6 min, average loudness declined at most frequencies by about 20% at 40-dB sensation level (SL) and by between 70% and almost 100% at 5-dB SL. Adaptation also increased with increasing frequency, and was especially marked at 16 kHz, where loudness declined more than 60% at a sensation level as high as 40 dB. Most of the adaptation occurred usually within the first 3 min of exposure, but loudness continued to diminish at a slower rate up to around 6 min. The dependence of loudness adaptation on frequency and level can be largely accounted for by the restricted-excitation-pattern hypothesis. Adaptation is assumed to take place when excitation is restricted to a narrow region of the cochlea. This hypothesis is supported by a quantitative analysis based on excitation patterns derived from measurements of masking.
在0.125至16千赫的频率以及5至60分贝的感觉级下测量了纯音的简单响度适应。16名听力正常的年轻听众参与了四项实验。大多数响度测量是通过连续量值估计法获得的；一些测量也是通过响度匹配获得的。两种响度适应指标给出了相似的结果。在所有频率下，响度适应随着感觉级的降低而增加。6分钟后，在40分贝感觉级（SL）时，大多数频率的平均响度最多下降约20%，在5分贝SL时下降70%至几乎100%。适应也随着频率的增加而增加，在16千赫时尤为明显，在高达40分贝的感觉级下，响度下降超过60%。大多数适应通常发生在暴露的前3分钟内，但响度在长达约6分钟的时间内仍以较慢的速度持续降低。响度适应对频率和级别的依赖性在很大程度上可以由受限激发模式假说来解释。当激发局限于耳蜗的一个狭窄区域时，就假定发生了适应。基于从掩蔽测量中得出的激发模式进行的定量分析支持了这一假说。
