Kelley D J, Gerber M E, Willging J P
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH 45229, USA.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1997 Mar 6;39(2):139-46. doi: 10.1016/s0165-5876(96)01485-1.
Cervical thymic cysts are among the rarest congenital neck masses. They are probably more frequent than the number of cases reported as many of these lesions are asymptomatic and only discovered incidentally. The initial embryologic development of the thymus begins in the neck, followed by migration into the superior mediastinum. For this reason, extension of cervical thymic anomalies into the mediastinum is possible. Although it is the least common lateral cystic neck mass, it must be differentiated from other pediatric cystic neck masses, the majority of which are anomalies of the branchial system. Due to the possibility of mediastinal extension, the management of these lesions is different than other congenital neck masses. We report two cases of thymic anomalies with mediastinal extension and review the embryology, diagnosis, and management of cervicomediastinal thymic cysts.
颈胸腺囊肿是最罕见的先天性颈部肿块之一。它们可能比报告的病例数更为常见，因为许多此类病变无症状，只是偶然发现。胸腺最初的胚胎发育始于颈部，随后迁移至前上纵隔。因此，颈胸腺异常有可能延伸至纵隔。尽管它是最不常见的侧方囊性颈部肿块，但必须与其他小儿囊性颈部肿块相鉴别，其中大多数是鳃系统的异常。由于存在纵隔延伸的可能性，这些病变的处理方式与其他先天性颈部肿块不同。我们报告两例伴有纵隔延伸的胸腺异常病例，并回顾颈纵隔胸腺囊肿的胚胎学、诊断及处理。
