Mulholland J
Thames Valley University, Wolfson School of Health Sciences, Slough, Berkshire, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1997 Apr;25(4):844-52. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997025844.x.
We are witnessing the emergence of a 'new nursing'. In part, this has been associated with the adoption of a 'holistic' model of health and a commitment to a holistic curriculum within nurse education. The role of sociology within the nursing enterprise has been the subject of much debate. This paper seeks to further this debate by arguing that sociology is invaluable to nursing for many reasons but that its value may be undermined as a consequence of being overly constrained within the nursing arena, at the mutual expense of both sociology and the long term interests of nursing itself. This paper will suggest that central to an understanding of how this 'surplus constraint' of sociology occurs in an understanding of the manner in which the holistic model has been adopted in much of nursing and nurse education. The 'indeterminacy' of the holistic model is such that is has empowered a questionable eclecticism, marginalized philosophical controversies within nursing theory, disguised difficult epistemological and ontological conflicts associated with competing claims to truth and facilitated the operation of a form of power whereby sociology has been excluded, at the very moment of its apparent inclusion. This paper goes on to argue that the value of sociology to nursing is dependent upon: firstly, a more systematic and rigorous discussion of its relationship to, and role within, nursing and secondly, a movement away from an implicit 'assimilation' model regarding the incorporation of sociology into nursing towards a more 'multi-cultural' approach. Only under such circumstances may sociology's value to nursing be realized but in a manner that places an importance on maintaining the ontological and epistomological integrity of the sociological tradition.
我们正在见证一种“新护理”的出现。在一定程度上，这与采用“整体”健康模式以及在护理教育中致力于推行整体课程有关。社会学在护理事业中的作用一直是诸多争论的主题。本文旨在通过论证社会学对护理极为重要，原因诸多，但由于在护理领域受到过度限制，其价值可能会受到损害，进而加剧这一争论，这种限制对社会学和护理自身的长远利益都有损害。本文将表明，理解社会学这种“过度限制”如何产生的关键在于理解整体模式在许多护理及护理教育中被采用的方式。整体模式的“不确定性”使得它赋予了一种可疑的折衷主义，边缘化了护理理论中的哲学争议，掩盖了与真理竞争主张相关的艰难认识论和本体论冲突，并促成了一种权力运作形式，在社会学看似被纳入的时刻却将其排除在外。本文进而认为，社会学对护理的价值取决于：首先，对其与护理的关系及在护理中的作用进行更系统、更严谨的讨论；其次，从将社会学纳入护理的隐含“同化”模式转向更“多元文化”的方法。只有在这种情况下，社会学对护理的价值才能实现，但要以重视维护社会学传统的本体论和认识论完整性的方式来实现。
