Gross J J, John O P
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, California 94305-2130, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997 Feb;72(2):435-48. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.72.2.435.
Drawing on an explicit model of emotion, we propose a multifaceted approach to emotional expressivity, defined as the behavioral (e.g., facial, postural) changes associated with emotion. Study 1 shows that self-reported expressivity has 3 facets (Impulse Strength, Negative Expressivity, Positive Expressivity). Study 2 shows that the same 3 facets emerge in peer ratings and that there are robust relations between self- and peer-rated expressivity. In Study 3, emotion-expressive behavior was videotaped and related to expressivity self-reports obtained several months earlier. As expected, Negative Expressivity predicted behavioral expressions of sadness (but not amusement), whereas Positive Expressivity predicted amusement (but not sadness). These relations remained even when subjective emotional experience and physiological response were controlled. These studies demonstrate the importance of a multifaceted approach to emotional expressivity and have implications for the understanding of personality and emotion.
基于一个明确的情绪模型，我们提出了一种多维度的方法来研究情绪表达，情绪表达被定义为与情绪相关的行为（如面部、姿势）变化。研究1表明，自我报告的表达能力有三个维度（冲动强度、消极表达、积极表达）。研究2表明，同样的三个维度也出现在同伴评价中，并且自我评价和同伴评价的表达能力之间存在着稳健的关系。在研究3中，对情绪表达行为进行了录像，并将其与几个月前获得的表达能力自我报告相关联。正如预期的那样，消极表达预测了悲伤的行为表现（而非愉悦），而积极表达预测了愉悦（而非悲伤）。即使在控制了主观情绪体验和生理反应的情况下，这些关系仍然存在。这些研究证明了多维度方法对情绪表达研究的重要性，并对理解人格和情绪具有启示意义。
