Friedman H S, Miller-Herringer T
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside 92521.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991 Nov;61(5):766-75. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.61.5.766.
Individual differences in the expression and regulation of emotion are important components of social skill. The present study focused on the concealing of spontaneous expressions of happiness after winning in a competitive situation against peers. In a repeated measures design, spontaneous expressive behaviors in response to triumph were secretly videotaped when Ss (N = 38) were alone in a room and when they were with 2 fellow competitors (confederates). Edited tapes were analyzed by naive raters and trained coders. As predicted, the social context strongly influenced the expressive behaviors of Ss, providing support for a social inhibition effect. More important, the self-monitoring construct (Snyder, 1987) was helpful in explaining individual differences in expressive regulation, with high self-monitors being successful at hiding their happiness when appropriate; and they did so in particular ways. Low self-monitors did not conceal their emotions. Other findings with regard to personality and sex differences were also uncovered.
情绪表达与调节方面的个体差异是社交技能的重要组成部分。本研究聚焦于在与同龄人竞争获胜后对自发喜悦表情的掩饰。在重复测量设计中，当被试（N = 38）独自在房间里以及与两名同伴竞争者（同伙）在一起时，对其因胜利而产生的自发表达行为进行秘密录像。由未经训练的评分者和经过训练的编码者对编辑后的录像带进行分析。正如预测的那样，社会环境强烈影响了被试的表达行为，为社会抑制效应提供了支持。更重要的是，自我监控结构（斯奈德，1987）有助于解释表达调节中的个体差异，高自我监控者能够在适当的时候成功隐藏自己的喜悦；而且他们是以特定方式做到的。低自我监控者不会掩饰自己的情绪。还发现了其他关于人格和性别差异的结果。
