Imaging of pediatric central nervous system HIV infection.

With the increasing incidence of pediatric HIV infection, distinct patterns of central nervous system involvement, different from those in adults, are being recognized. This article illustrates the spectrum of neuroimaging findings seen in HIV-infected children with central nervous system involvement. Case examples include HIV encephalitis, basal ganglia calcific vasculopathy, lymphoma, and cerebrovascular complications, such as arterial ectasia and arterial fibrosing sclerosis.