Eisenberger R, Armeli S
Psychology Department, University of Delaware, Newark 19716-2577, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997 Mar;72(3):652-63. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.72.3.652.
Two experiments, involving 416 preadolescent school children, investigated the effects of monetary reward on generalized creative performance and intrinsic creative interest. In Experiment 1, the explicit requirement of novel performance in 1 task (generating unusual uses for physical objects) produced greater subsequent creative performance in an entirely different task (picture drawing) when a large reward was used rather than a small reward or no reward. In Experiment 2, reward for novel performance increased subsequent intrinsic creative interest, measured here by the choice to produce original drawings rather than copy a familiar drawing. Intrinsic creative interest was reduced only by reward for uncreative performance. These findings suggest that the explicit requirement of novel performance for salient reward enhances generalized creativity without any loss of intrinsic creative interest.
两项实验涉及416名青春期前的在校儿童，研究了金钱奖励对广义创造性表现和内在创造性兴趣的影响。在实验1中，当使用大额奖励而非小额奖励或无奖励时，在一项任务（为实物生成不寻常用途）中对新颖表现的明确要求，在完全不同的另一项任务（画画）中产生了更高的后续创造性表现。在实验2中，对新颖表现的奖励增加了后续的内在创造性兴趣，此处通过选择创作原创画作而非临摹熟悉画作来衡量。只有对非创造性表现的奖励才会降低内在创造性兴趣。这些发现表明，为显著奖励而对新颖表现的明确要求可增强广义创造力，且不会损失任何内在创造性兴趣。
