Grant S M, Hardin S B, Pesut D J, Hardin T
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs. 1997 Jan-Mar;10(1):7-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6171.1997.tb00207.x.
There is little understanding of adolescent appraisal of stress and crisis intervention for adolescents who are exposed to major stress such as that of a natural disaster.
A description of the psychological evaluations, referrals, and follow-up assessments made by nurse practitioners (NPs) and a nurse psychotherapist (NPT) of adolescents (N = 507) in two South Carolina high schools who experienced Hurricane Hugo.
The NPs' evaluations concluded that 63 adolescents (12%) exhibited symptoms of psychological distress. The NPs referred 36 of these adolescents to high school counselors for minor distress or school-related problems and 27 for more intensive clinical evaluation by an NPT. Of the 27 adolescents who were referred to the NPT, 10 had symptoms associated with adolescent adjustment reaction, 8 showed symptoms of depression, 5 revealed symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, and 4 complained of serious family problems.
Based on these data and the mental processes described by these adolescents, the authors propose a model and suggest adolescent appraisal of stress and crisis is a critical issue to consider when intervening with adolescents who are exposed to major stressors, including those associated with a disaster.
对于遭受诸如自然灾害等重大压力的青少年如何评估压力以及如何进行危机干预，人们了解甚少。
描述了南卡罗来纳州两所高中经历“雨果”飓风的青少年（N = 507）的心理评估、转诊及随访评估情况，评估由执业护士（NP）和一名护士心理治疗师（NPT）进行。
执业护士的评估得出结论，63名青少年（12%）表现出心理困扰症状。这些青少年中，36名因轻微困扰或与学校相关的问题被转介给高中辅导员，27名被转介给护士心理治疗师进行更深入的临床评估。在被转介给护士心理治疗师的27名青少年中，10名有与青少年适应反应相关的症状，8名有抑郁症状，5名有创伤后应激障碍症状，4名抱怨存在严重的家庭问题。
基于这些数据以及这些青少年所描述的心理过程，作者提出了一个模型，并指出在对遭受重大压力源（包括与灾难相关的压力源）影响的青少年进行干预时，对青少年压力和危机的评估是一个需要考虑的关键问题。
