Weinrich S, Hardin S B, Johnson M
College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208.
Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 1990 Jun;4(3):195-205. doi: 10.1016/0883-9417(90)90009-a.
Hugo, a class IV hurricane, hit South Carolina September 22, 1989, and left behind a wake of terror and destruction. Sixty-one nursing students and five faculty were involved in disaster relief with families devastated by the hurricane. A review of the literature led these authors to propose a formulation of the concept of disaster stress, a synthesis of theories that explains response to disaster as a crisis response, a stress response, or as posttraumatic stress. With the concept of disaster stress serving as a theoretical foundation, the nurses observed, assessed, and intervened with one population of hurricane Hugo victims, noting their immediate psychosocial reactions and coping mechanisms. Victims' reactions to disaster stress included confusion, irritability, lethargy, withdrawal, and crying. The most frequently observed coping strategy of these hurricane Hugo victims was talking about their experiences; other coping tactics involved humor, religion, and altruism.
1989年9月22日，四级飓风“雨果”袭击了南卡罗来纳州，留下了一片恐怖和破坏的景象。61名护理专业学生和5名教员参与了对受飓风影响而家庭支离破碎的灾民的救灾工作。通过对文献的回顾，这些作者提出了灾难应激概念的一种表述，这是一种理论综合，将对灾难的反应解释为危机反应、应激反应或创伤后应激反应。以灾难应激概念为理论基础，护士们对一群“雨果”飓风受害者进行了观察、评估和干预，记录了他们即时的心理社会反应和应对机制。受害者对灾难应激的反应包括困惑、易怒、无精打采、退缩和哭泣。这些“雨果”飓风受害者最常被观察到的应对策略是谈论他们的经历；其他应对策略包括幽默、宗教和利他主义。
