Blowers G H, Chi S Y
Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong.
J Hist Behav Sci. 1997 Spring;33(2):115-26. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6696(199721)33:2<115::aid-jhbs1>3.0.co;2-s.
This paper presents an account of four Japanese men, three of whom had an audience with Freud and who, with differing experiences and ambitions, returned to Japan to practice and develop psychoanalysis. Only two received any formal training, and two were strongly influenced by Buddhist thought. Freud gave no clear sign as to whom to appoint as leader, leaving the situation unsettled. This may have contributed to the continuing split and rivalry between groups, a split which was not resolved until the formation of the Japanese Psychoanalytic Society for trained analysts and the Association for interested laymen in the 1950s. From the beginning the development of psychoanalysis in Japan was informed by a paradox: the need to get Freud's approval and hence appear orthodox, while assimilating some of the concepts to the dictates of the culture.
本文讲述了四位日本男性的故事，其中三位曾与弗洛伊德会面，他们带着不同的经历和抱负回到日本从事精神分析的实践与发展。只有两人接受过正规培训，两人深受佛教思想影响。弗洛伊德未明确指示该任命谁为领袖，致使局面悬而未决。这可能助长了各团体之间持续不断的分裂与竞争，这种分裂直到20世纪50年代日本精神分析协会（面向受过训练的分析师）和相关外行人协会的成立才得以解决。从一开始，精神分析在日本的发展就受到一个悖论的影响：既需要获得弗洛伊德的认可从而显得正统，又要将一些概念与文化要求相融合。
