Noronha P A, Zubkov B
University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1997 May 1;55(6):2129-40.
Abnormalities of the nails can provide both subtle and obvious clues to common medical problems or severe systemic diseases. Heredity, minor injuries and a variety of infections account for many changes in the appearance of nails. Several dermatologic disorders, such as psoriasis and alopecia areata, and other multisystem disorders may present with nail changes; abnormalities of the nails may be the single most prominent feature. Common habits and the use of various cosmetics also may result in nail changes. Awareness of normal nail variants and well-defined abnormalities and their disease associations will be beneficial to most clinicians. Specific management and therapy for most nail problems are usually simple and appropriate for primary care physicians.
指甲异常可为常见的医学问题或严重的全身性疾病提供细微和明显的线索。遗传、轻微损伤和各种感染是指甲外观出现多种变化的原因。一些皮肤病，如银屑病和斑秃，以及其他多系统疾病可能会出现指甲变化；指甲异常可能是最突出的单一特征。常见习惯和使用各种化妆品也可能导致指甲变化。了解正常指甲变异、明确的异常及其与疾病的关联对大多数临床医生有益。大多数指甲问题的具体管理和治疗通常很简单，适合初级保健医生。
