Fisher M, Juszczak L, Friedman S B
North Shore University Hospital-Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, New York, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 1996 May;18(5):329-34. doi: 10.1016/1054-139X(95)00067-3.
To study positive and negative correlates of sports participation in inner-city youth.
We distributed anonymous questionnaires to 838 students in gym classes of an urban New York City High School. Forty five percent of students were male and 55% female, with mean age 16.0 years; 64% in grades 9-10, and 36% in grades 11-12; 63% black, 27% Hispanic, and 10% other; and 30% A/B students, 38% C students, and 32% D/F students.
All students reported some involvement in sports: 37% in 1-2 sports, 29% in 3-4 sports 24% in > or = 5 sports; 20% played on local teams, and 12% on junior or senior varsity. Approximately one-third each reported no weekday sports participation (30%), 1-2 hours per day (34%), or > or = 3 hours (36%); and 34% reported no participation on weekends, 26% reported 1-2 hours per day, and 40% > or = 3 hours. Basketball, volleyball, baseball, and weight lifting were the most common sports. Enjoyment, recreation, and competition were the most commonly reported reasons for participation. While 86% of subjects considered school "extremely" or "very" important, 35% considered sports "extremely" or "very" important. However, many believed they would "definitely" or "probably" receive an athletic scholarship (52% males, 20% females). Males reported more (p < .05) weekday, weekend, and team participation, and greater expectations (p <.001) of a future in sports. Sports involvement was not statistically associated with academic performance or scores on either the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale or Depression Self Rating Scale. Steroid use, at least once, was reported by 11% of males and 4% of females. Thirteen percent of students (21% males, 6% females) tried to gain weight for sports and 20% of both males and females tried to lose. Sports injuries within the past year were reported by 15% of students, and approximately three-quarters could correctly answer each of five questions about basic first aid.
The data indicate that most of these urban youth had athletic involvement, many had unrealistic expectations for their futures, and some utilized unhealthy behaviors in an attempt to enhance performance. Among these students, no association was found between sports involvement and academic performance, self-esteem, or depression.
研究城市青少年参与体育运动的积极和消极关联因素。
我们向纽约市一所城市高中体育课上的838名学生发放了匿名问卷。45%的学生为男性，55%为女性，平均年龄16.0岁；64%的学生在9 - 10年级，36%在11 - 12年级；63%为黑人，27%为西班牙裔，10%为其他种族；30%为A/B等学生，38%为C等学生，32%为D/F等学生。
所有学生都表示参与过一些体育运动：37%参与1 - 2项运动，29%参与3 - 4项运动，24%参与≥5项运动；20%在当地球队打球，12%在初中或高中校队打球。大约三分之一的学生分别表示平日不参与体育运动（30%）、每天参与1 - 2小时（34%）或≥3小时（36%）；34%的学生表示周末不参与体育运动，26%表示每天参与1 - 2小时，40%表示≥3小时。篮球、排球、棒球和举重是最常见的运动项目。参与运动最常见的原因是享受、娱乐和竞争。虽然86%的学生认为学校“极其”或“非常”重要，但35%的学生认为体育运动“极其”或“非常”重要。然而，许多学生认为他们“肯定”或“可能”会获得体育奖学金（52%的男生，20%的女生）。男生在平日、周末和团队参与方面的比例更高（p <.05），对未来从事体育运动的期望也更高（p <.001）。体育运动参与度与学业成绩、罗森伯格自尊量表或抑郁自评量表得分之间无统计学关联。11%的男生和4%的女生表示至少使用过一次类固醇。13%的学生（21%的男生，6%的女生）为了体育运动试图增加体重，20%的男生和女生都试图减肥。15%的学生报告在过去一年受过运动损伤，大约四分之三的学生能够正确回答关于基本急救的五个问题中的每一个。
数据表明，这些城市青少年大多参与过体育运动，许多人对自己的未来抱有不切实际的期望，一些人采取了不健康的行为来试图提高成绩。在这些学生中，未发现体育运动参与度与学业成绩、自尊或抑郁之间存在关联。
