Gall T L, Evans D R, Howard J
Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1997 May;52(3):P110-7. doi: 10.1093/geronb/52b.3.p110.
The purpose of this prospective study was to (1) evaluate the impact of retirement, (2) monitor the change in adjustment across time, and (3) identify the resources predictive of short- and long-term adjustment in retirement. A sample of 117 male retirees was assessed on indices of physical and psychological health, perceived control, retirement satisfaction, and life satisfaction at 2-4 months preretirement, 1 year post-, and 6-7 years postretirement. The results provided support for a positive impact of retirement, as retirees evidenced increases in well-being during the first year. There was also evidence of a retirement adjustment process, in that aspects of well-being (i.e., psychological health) changed from short- to long-term retirement. Finally, physical health, income, and voluntary retirement status predicted short-term adjustment, while internal locus of control was an additional resource for long-term adjustment. Changes in resources over time also differentially predicted short- and long-term adjustment (e.g., an increase in internal locus of control predicted an increase in activity satisfaction at 1 year but not at 6-7 years postretirement).
（1）评估退休的影响；（2）监测随时间推移调整情况的变化；（3）确定预测退休短期和长期调整的因素。对117名男性退休人员样本在退休前2 - 4个月、退休后1年以及退休后6 - 7年时进行了身体健康、心理健康、感知控制、退休满意度和生活满意度等指标的评估。结果支持了退休具有积极影响的观点，因为退休人员在第一年的幸福感有所增加。也有证据表明存在退休调整过程，即幸福感的各个方面（如心理健康）从短期退休到长期退休发生了变化。最后，身体健康、收入和自愿退休状态预测了短期调整，而内控点是长期调整的额外因素。随着时间推移，因素的变化也对短期和长期调整有不同的预测作用（例如，内控点的增加在退休后1年预测了活动满意度的增加，但在退休后6 - 7年则不然）。
