Blass E M
Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Pediatrics. 1997 Jun;99(6):825-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.99.6.825.
To determine whether milk and its components reduce crying in newborns during and after blood collection for phenylketonuria evaluation.
Seventy-two normal newborns ingested 2 mL of milk (Similac), Ross Special Formula, fat, protein, lactose, sucrose, or water for the 2 minutes preceding blood collection via heel lance. Crying duration during and for the 3 minutes after the procedure was determined by scorers who were blind to the ingestive substance.
Sucrose and Similac each reduced crying during the blood collection procedure. Sucrose, fat, protein, and Ross Special Formula were effective during the 3-minute recovery period. Neither water nor lactose were effective during or after blood collection.
Milk and some of its components are antinociceptive in human newborns. Based on previous studies, reduced crying during and after painful stimulation may be mediated through endogenous opioids. These findings are of potential clinical significance: natural protective mechanisms, normally engaged during suckling, may safely and noninvasively be activated to reduce newborn crying to painful stimulation.
确定在为进行苯丙酮尿症评估而采集血液期间及之后，牛奶及其成分是否能减少新生儿的啼哭。
72名正常新生儿在通过足跟采血进行血液采集前2分钟摄入2毫升牛奶（Similac）、罗斯特殊配方奶粉、脂肪、蛋白质、乳糖、蔗糖或水。由对摄入物质不知情的评分员确定采血过程中及采血后3分钟内的啼哭持续时间。
蔗糖和Similac在采血过程中均能减少啼哭。蔗糖、脂肪、蛋白质和罗斯特殊配方奶粉在3分钟恢复期内有效。水和乳糖在采血期间及之后均无效。
牛奶及其某些成分对人类新生儿具有镇痛作用。根据先前的研究，疼痛刺激期间及之后啼哭减少可能是通过内源性阿片类物质介导的。这些发现具有潜在的临床意义：通常在哺乳期间起作用的天然保护机制可以安全、无创地被激活，以减少新生儿对疼痛刺激的啼哭。
