Shapiro E D, Seltzer E G
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Clinical Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8064, USA.
Semin Neurol. 1997 Mar;17(1):39-44. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1040911.
Neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease are common in children, among whom the incidence of Lyme disease is higher than among adults. Cranioneuropathies, in particular palsy of the facial nerve, occur in approximately 3-5% of children with Lyme disease, followed in frequency by meningitis (1% of symptomatic children). Children with only non-specific symptoms such as headache, arthralgia or fatigue commonly are misdiagnosed as having Lyme disease. Although such non-specific symptoms often accompany more specific signs and symptoms (e.g., erythema migrans, arthritis) in children with Lyme disease, very rarely are non-specific symptoms the sole manifestation of Lyme disease. A number of carefully conducted follow-up studies have indicated that the prognosis is excellent for children with Lyme disease who have been treated with standard antimicrobial regimens.
莱姆病的神经系统表现在儿童中很常见，儿童莱姆病的发病率高于成人。颅神经病变，尤其是面神经麻痹，约3%-5%的莱姆病患儿会出现，其次是脑膜炎（有症状患儿的1%）。仅有头痛、关节痛或疲劳等非特异性症状的儿童常被误诊为患有莱姆病。虽然在莱姆病患儿中，这些非特异性症状常伴有更具特异性的体征和症状（如游走性红斑、关节炎），但非特异性症状极少是莱姆病的唯一表现。多项精心开展的随访研究表明，接受标准抗菌治疗方案的莱姆病患儿预后良好。
