Iguchi M Y, Belding M A, Morral A R, Lamb R J, Husband S D
Department of Psychiatry, MCP-Hahnemann School of Medicine, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102-1192, USA.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997 Jun;65(3):421-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.65.3.421.
This study examines the effectiveness of using vouchers to reinforce either the provision of urine samples testing negative for illicit drugs (UA group) or the completion of objective, individually defined, treatment-plan-related tasks (TP group). A third group was assigned to the clinic's standard treatment (STD group). Participants were randomly assigned to groups after a 6-week baseline-stabilization period. Urine specimens were collected thrice weekly throughout the study. In the UA condition, participants earned $5 (U.S. dollars) in vouchers for each drug-free urine submitted. In the TP condition, participants earned up to $15 in vouchers per week for demonstrating completion of treatment plan tasks assigned by their counselors. Contingencies were in effect for 12 weeks, after which all participants received the clinic's standard treatment. Urinalysis results indicate that the TP intervention was significantly more effective in reducing illicit drug use than either the UA or STD interventions. These effects were maintained with a trend toward continuing improvement for the TP groups even after contingencies were discontinued.
本研究考察了使用代金券来强化提供非法药物检测呈阴性的尿液样本（尿液分析组）或完成客观的、个体化定义的、与治疗计划相关的任务（治疗计划组）的有效性。第三组被分配到诊所的标准治疗（标准治疗组）。在为期6周的基线稳定期后，参与者被随机分配到各小组。在整个研究过程中，每周三次采集尿液样本。在尿液分析条件下，参与者每提交一份无药物尿液可获得5美元（美元）的代金券。在治疗计划条件下，参与者每周因证明完成了咨询师分配的治疗计划任务而最多可获得15美元的代金券。这种应急措施实施了12周，之后所有参与者都接受了诊所的标准治疗。尿液分析结果表明，治疗计划干预在减少非法药物使用方面比尿液分析或标准治疗干预显著更有效。即使在应急措施停止后，治疗计划组仍保持这些效果，并有持续改善的趋势。
