Schroll M, Avlund K, Davidsen M
Center for Disease Prevention, Glostrup, Copenhagen County, Denmark.
Aging (Milano). 1997 Feb-Apr;9(1-2):143-52. doi: 10.1007/BF03340140.
Data from a longitudinal study of aging-a Danish substudy within a Nordic comparative longitudinal Research on Ageing study (NORA)-is presented. The goal is to highlight easily measured factors, that are relevant to prevention and postponement of disability in the elderly. In a population-based, representative sample, the objectives were: to describe five-year outcome regarding death and functional ability to age 75 to 80, as well as individual changes in muscle strength, physical performance in simple function tests and self-reported physical activity, and relate "risk markers" to five-year outcome. Baseline values were obtained in 405 participants in the 1989-survey of the 1914-cohort in Copenhagen County. The 307 survivors were invited for the survey of 80-year olds in 1995. Outcome was measured as death, non-participation, decline, stability or improvement in two measures of mobility function (tiredness and dependency). Between ages 75 and 80, 24% died, 12% did not participate in the follow-up, 23% became tired performing mobility functions, 20% did not change but 21% became less tired; 19% became more dependent, 44% remained stable and only 2% improved in relation to dependency on help in mobility functions. "Stability" in mobility functions was related to ability to mount stairs, walking speed, mood and physical activity. Number of chronic diseases and low pulmonary function were only related to mobility in men. Among people who improved their function, many had rather low baseline-values, suggesting regression to the mean. Multiple logistic regression was conducted. The follow-up survey found that female participants were more physically active at baseline than non-participants. Five-year mortality was independently related to physical activity (RR = 0.41), pulmonary function in men (RR = 0.45/l increase) and muscle strength in women (RR = 0.65/N/kg increase). Dependency at follow-up in men was related to low physical activity at baseline (RR = 4.14), disability to mount a 50-cm step (RR = 4.07), two or more chronic diseases (RR = 3.36) and, only marginally significant, knee extension strength. In women only low physical activity was predictive (RR = 4.32). From baseline to follow-up, 34% of the population had reduced their physical activities. Knee extension strength was reduced from 6.0 to 4.4 N/kg in men, and from 4.2 to 3.3 N/kg in women. In the stair-mounting test, 44% could only attain one or more 10 cm steps lower than at baseline. A dose-response-relationship of declining muscle mass to functional limitations was observed in men and women at the age of 75 as well as the age of 80.
本文呈现了一项老龄化纵向研究的数据——这是北欧老龄化比较纵向研究（NORA）中的一项丹麦子研究。其目的是突出易于测量的因素，这些因素与老年人残疾的预防和推迟相关。在一个基于人群的代表性样本中，目标如下：描述75至80岁人群在死亡和功能能力方面的五年结果，以及肌肉力量、简单功能测试中的身体表现和自我报告的身体活动的个体变化，并将“风险标志物”与五年结果相关联。1989年对哥本哈根县1914队列进行调查时，405名参与者获得了基线值。1995年，邀请了307名幸存者参加80岁老人的调查。结果通过死亡、未参与、两项 mobility 功能指标（疲劳和依赖）的下降、稳定或改善来衡量。在75至80岁之间，24%的人死亡，12%的人未参与随访，23%的人在进行 mobility 功能时变得疲劳，20%的人没有变化，但21%的人变得不那么疲劳；19%的人变得更依赖他人，44%的人保持稳定，只有2%的人在 mobility 功能方面对他人帮助的依赖有所改善。mobility 功能的“稳定性”与爬楼梯能力、步行速度、情绪和身体活动有关。慢性病数量和低肺功能仅与男性的 mobility 有关。在功能得到改善的人群中，许多人的基线值相当低，这表明存在均值回归。进行了多元逻辑回归分析。随访调查发现，女性参与者在基线时比未参与者身体活动更频繁。五年死亡率与身体活动（相对风险 = 0.41）、男性的肺功能（每增加1单位相对风险 = 0.45）和女性的肌肉力量（每增加1牛顿/千克相对风险 = 0.65）独立相关。男性随访时的依赖与基线时低身体活动（相对风险 = 4.14）、无法登上50厘米台阶（相对风险 = 4.07）、两种或更多慢性病（相对风险 = 3.36）以及仅略微显著的膝关节伸展力量有关。在女性中，只有低身体活动具有预测性（相对风险 = 4.32）。从基线到随访，34%的人群减少了身体活动。男性的膝关节伸展力量从6.0牛顿/千克降至4.4牛顿/千克，女性从4.2牛顿/千克降至3.3牛顿/千克。在爬楼梯测试中，44%的人只能比基线低一个或多个10厘米台阶。在75岁和80岁的男性和女性中均观察到肌肉量下降与功能受限之间的剂量反应关系。
原文中“mobility function”未明确给出中文释义，暂保留英文。
