Hasher L, Quig M B, May C P
Department of Psychology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Mem Cognit. 1997 May;25(3):286-95. doi: 10.3758/bf03211284.
Hartmann and Hasher (1991) used a garden-path task in which younger and older adults generated the final word for each of a series of high-cloze sentences. Under instructions to remember the final word, the experiment included critical sentences for which the generated word was replaced by a new, to-be-remembered target. Using an implicit priming task, the first experiment replicated a basic finding: Younger adults showed priming only for the target words, whereas older adults showed priming for both the generated and target words. Two experiments explored the boundary conditions. One showed that an additional sentence that interpreted the new target word enabled older adults to narrow access to only the target word. The provision of additional time following the introduction of the new target word did not. Specific information, not more time, is required for inefficient inhibitory mechanisms to clear the recent past from memory.
哈特曼和哈舍（1991年）使用了一个花园路径任务，让年轻人和老年人为一系列高闭合性句子中的每一句生成最后一个单词。在记住最后一个单词的指示下，该实验包括一些关键句子，其中生成的单词被一个新的、要记住的目标单词所取代。通过一个内隐启动任务，第一个实验重复了一个基本发现：年轻人仅对目标单词表现出启动效应，而老年人对生成的单词和目标单词都表现出启动效应。两个实验探索了边界条件。其中一个实验表明，一个解释新目标单词的附加句子使老年人能够将访问范围缩小到仅目标单词。在引入新目标单词后提供额外时间则没有这种效果。低效的抑制机制需要特定信息而非更多时间来清除记忆中最近的内容。
