McKone E, Slee J A
Division of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Mem Cognit. 1997 May;25(3):352-66. doi: 10.3758/bf03211291.
In one view of implicit memory, priming arises from modification of preexisting representations; however, the role of such representations is currently in doubt following findings of implicit memory for newly formed associations. Closer consideration of studies reporting this effect, and of others that have failed to obtain it, suggests that such priming might results from the employment of explicit memory strategies. With measures designed to permit exclusion of such strategies, three experiments using lexical decision and stem-completion tasks found no evidence of truly implicit memory for unrelated pairs. Instead, priming was found only in those subjects (50% of the total in one experiment) who reported using explicit memory in stem completion. Contrary to previous conclusions, the results indicate a role for established representations in explaining implicit memory.
在关于内隐记忆的一种观点中，启动效应源于对先前存在表征的修改；然而，鉴于新形成联想的内隐记忆的研究结果，这种表征的作用目前受到质疑。对报告了这种效应的研究以及未能获得该效应的其他研究进行更深入的思考表明，这种启动效应可能是由外显记忆策略的运用导致的。通过设计用于排除此类策略的测量方法，三项使用词汇判断和词干补全任务的实验没有发现对不相关词对存在真正内隐记忆的证据。相反，启动效应仅在那些报告在词干补全中使用外显记忆的受试者中发现（在一项实验中占总受试者的50%）。与先前的结论相反，结果表明已建立的表征在解释内隐记忆方面发挥了作用。
