Schacter D L, Koutstaal W, Johnson M K, Gross M S, Angell K E
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Psychol Aging. 1997 Jun;12(2):203-15. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.12.2.203.
Looking at photographs constitutes an important everyday memory activity for older adults. The authors found that reviewing photographs of events seen earlier in a videotape increases the likelihood that both older and younger adults remember specific details from the reviewed event (W. Koutstaal, D. L. Schacter, M. K. Johnson, K. E. Angell, & M. S. Gross, 1977). In the present study, the authors report 2 experiments demonstrating that photo review can also produce false recollection in elderly adults: After reviewing photos of events that had not been shown earlier in a videotape, older but not younger adults were later more likely to "remember" that those events had been shown in the videotape. False recollection induced by photo review appears to reflect an age-related deficit in source-monitoring abilities.
看照片是老年人一项重要的日常记忆活动。作者发现,回顾录像中早些时候看过的事件的照片,会增加老年人和年轻人记住所回顾事件具体细节的可能性(W. 库斯塔阿尔、D. L. 沙克特、M. K. 约翰逊、K. E. 安吉尔和M. S. 格罗斯,1977)。在本研究中,作者报告了两项实验,证明照片回顾也会在老年人中产生错误记忆:在回顾录像中未早些展示过的事件的照片后,老年人而非年轻人后来更有可能“记得”那些事件曾在录像中展示过。照片回顾引发的错误记忆似乎反映了与年龄相关的源监控能力缺陷。