Kobisch M, Friis N F
Centre National d'Etudes Vétérinaires et Alimentaires (CNEVA), Unité de Recherche Mycoplasmologie Bactériologie, Ploufragan, France.
Rev Sci Tech. 1996 Dec;15(4):1569-605. doi: 10.20506/rst.15.4.983.
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the primary agent of enzootic pneumonia in pigs. The lung lesions, generally observed in young pigs, are characterised by a hyperplasia of the epithelial cells and an increased perivascular and peribronchiolar accumulation of mononuclear cells. Following M. hyopneumoniae infection, immune reactions are observed and resistance is induced in pigs. Laboratory diagnosis is generally performed by an immunofluorescent test and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibiotics are useful but the development of resistance has been described. Vaccination seems to be an effective method of controlling the disease. M. hyorhinis, generally transmitted by sows to piglets through nasal secretions, exists in a high percentage in the respiratory tract of healthy pigs. But some strains can induce serofibrinous to fibrinopurulent polyserositis and arthritis. M. hyorhinis is isolated from acute and subacute phase lesions and serum antibodies are detectable. M. hyosynoviae has a special affinity for joint tissue and may cause arthritic disease, leading to economic losses. This mycoplasma is generally located in the tonsils. Piglets are infected by sows after four to six weeks of life. Evidence of disease occurs in animals of between 30 to 40 kg and 100 kg, and bursae and joints are affected. A non-suppurative viscous fluid of a serofibrinous/serosanguineous nature is reported. In chronic cases, the synovial membrane is affected. M. hyosynoviae is isolated from the joints and pharyngeal/tonsillar samples and can induce antibodies in blood and joint fluid. Predisposing factors play an important role. M. flocculare is widely distributed in swine, in normal and pneumonic lungs and in nasal cavities, but no pathogenic capability has been described. There is great interest in this mycoplasma because of the great similarity to M. hyopneumoniae.
猪肺炎支原体是猪地方流行性肺炎的主要病原体。肺部病变通常见于幼猪，其特征为上皮细胞增生以及血管周围和细支气管周围单核细胞积聚增加。猪肺炎支原体感染后，猪体内会出现免疫反应并产生抵抗力。实验室诊断一般通过免疫荧光试验和酶联免疫吸附测定进行。抗生素虽有作用，但已出现耐药性。疫苗接种似乎是控制该病的有效方法。猪鼻支原体通常由母猪通过鼻分泌物传染给仔猪，在健康猪的呼吸道中大量存在。但有些菌株可引发浆液纤维蛋白性至纤维蛋白脓性多浆膜炎和关节炎。猪鼻支原体可从急性和亚急性期病变中分离出来，血清抗体可检测到。猪滑膜支原体对关节组织有特殊亲和力，可能导致关节炎疾病，造成经济损失。这种支原体通常位于扁桃体。仔猪在出生4至6周后被母猪感染。在体重30至40千克和100千克之间的猪身上会出现疾病迹象，滑液囊和关节会受到影响。据报道会出现浆液纤维蛋白性/浆液血性的非化脓性粘性液体。在慢性病例中，滑膜会受到影响。猪滑膜支原体可从关节以及咽部/扁桃体样本中分离出来，并可在血液和关节液中诱导产生抗体。诱发因素起重要作用。絮状支原体广泛分布于猪的正常肺脏、肺炎肺脏和鼻腔中，但尚未发现其致病能力。由于与猪肺炎支原体极为相似，这种支原体备受关注。
