Toseland R W, O'Donnell J C, Engelhardt J B, Richie J, Jue D, Banks S M
Ringel Institute of Gerontology, School of Social Welfare, University at Albany, State University of New York 12222, USA.
Gerontologist. 1997 Jun;37(3):324-32. doi: 10.1093/geront/37.3.324.
The effectiveness and efficiency of outpatient geriatric evaluation and management (GEM) was compared to usual outpatient primary care (UPC). Although GEM had no overall impact on health care utilization or cost of care for the entire study period, significant reductions were found during the sixteen- to twenty-four-month study period, suggesting a possible investment effect. In the first eight months of the study, GEM patients incurred 34.8% more in health care costs than UPC patients, but in the final eight months of the study the cost of care for UPC patients exceeded that for GEM patients by 37.8%.
将门诊老年评估与管理（GEM）的有效性和效率与常规门诊初级护理（UPC）进行了比较。尽管在整个研究期间，GEM对医疗保健利用率或护理成本没有总体影响，但在16至24个月的研究期间发现有显著降低，这表明可能存在投资效应。在研究的前八个月，GEM患者的医疗保健成本比UPC患者高出34.8%，但在研究的最后八个月，UPC患者的护理成本比GEM患者高出37.8%。
