Wu H Y, Russell M W
Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
Immunol Res. 1997;16(2):187-201. doi: 10.1007/BF02786362.
Mucosal application of vaccines with an appropriate adjuvant can induce immune responses at both systemic and mucosal sites, and therefore may prevent not only infectious disease, but also colonization of mucosal surfaces. Intranasal is more effective than intragastric immunization at generating earlier and stronger mucosal immune response. Nasal lymphoid tissue (NALT) and its local draining lymph nodes may retain long-term immune memory. IgA isotype switching, and the differentiation and maturation of IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASC) may occur before these cells migrate out of NALT, whereas IgG ASC responses require passage of the cells through draining lymph nodes of the NALT. Knowledge of whether immune memory cells can recirculate to and reside in the inductive sites other than their origin after encountering antigen will be helpful for understanding the compartmentalization of the common mucosal immune system as well as for determining the best route for delivering a mucosal vaccine against a particular pathogen.
使用合适佐剂的疫苗经黏膜给药可在全身和黏膜部位诱导免疫反应，因此不仅可以预防传染病，还可以防止病原体在黏膜表面定植。鼻内免疫在产生更早更强的黏膜免疫反应方面比胃内免疫更有效。鼻相关淋巴组织（NALT）及其局部引流淋巴结可能保留长期免疫记忆。IgA 同种型转换以及 IgA 抗体分泌细胞（ASC）的分化和成熟可能在这些细胞从 NALT 迁出之前发生，而 IgG ASC 反应则需要这些细胞通过 NALT 的引流淋巴结。了解免疫记忆细胞在遇到抗原后是否能够再循环并驻留在其起源以外的诱导部位，将有助于理解共同黏膜免疫系统的区室化，以及确定针对特定病原体递送黏膜疫苗的最佳途径。
