Manheimer D I, Mellinger G D
Inj Prev. 1997 Jun;3(2):135-43. doi: 10.1136/ip.3.2.135.
From 8874 boys and girls aged 4 to 18 in Berkeley-Oakland, California, 684 were selected to represent high-, intermediateor low-accident-liability children, based on records of medically attended injuries. Using data from intensive interviews with mothers supplemented with school records, we found a statistically significant relation between accident liability and indexes of extraversion, daring, roughhousing, and other traits tending to expose children to hazards. Similar relations held for traits such as poor discipline, aggressiveness toward peers, and, for girls, attention-seeking, which compete with the child's ability to cope with hazards. Other traits that may impair ability to cope with hazards were also found to be related to accident liability (impulsivity, carelessness, and unreliability) as were several indexes denoting maladjustment.
从加利福尼亚州伯克利 - 奥克兰的8874名4至18岁的男孩和女孩中，根据就医受伤记录，选取了684名儿童，分别代表高、中、低事故风险儿童。通过对母亲的深入访谈数据，并辅以学校记录，我们发现事故风险与外向性、大胆、打闹及其他容易使儿童面临危险的特质指标之间存在统计学上的显著关系。类似的关系也存在于纪律性差、对同龄人有攻击性等特质中，对于女孩而言，还有寻求关注的特质，这些特质与儿童应对危险的能力相互竞争。其他可能损害应对危险能力的特质（冲动、粗心和不可靠）以及几个表示适应不良的指标也被发现与事故风险有关。
