Holt D J, Graybiel A M, Saper C B
Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
J Comp Neurol. 1997 Jul 21;384(1):1-25. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970721)384:1<1::aid-cne1>3.0.co;2-5.
The striatum of the human brain has a highly differentiated neurochemical architecture visible in stains for many of the neurotransmitter-related molecules present in the striatum. The distributions for these chemical markers have never been analyzed comprehensively. We compared the distributions of multiple neurochemical markers in a serial-section analysis of the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the ventral striatum in normal human brains. The cholinergic system was identified with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). The organization of the cholinergic fiber system was compared with that of striatal systems expressing immunoreactivity for calbindin D28k, met-enkephalin, substance P, tyrosine hydroxylase, and parvalbumin. Each striatal region analyzed displayed a unique neurochemical organization. In the dorsal caudate nucleus, the distribution of all markers followed the classical striosome/matrix organization as previously reported. In the dorsal putamen, ChAT-staining was less intense, and striosomes were delineated primarily by unstained fiber bundles. In the ventral caudate nucleus/nucleus accumbens region, the boundaries of ChAT-stained regions were not always visible with stains for calbindin, enkephalin, and substance P. The ventral putamen displayed a similar organization, except in its lateral part, where ChAT-poor regions were often found adjacent to, rather than in register with, regions expressing low levels of the other markers (calbindin, enkephalin, substance P, and tyrosine hydroxylase). Our findings suggest that, in addition to the classical striosome-matrix organization visible in the dorsal caudate nucleus and putamen, there is further neurochemical differentiation in a large ventral part of the caudate nucleus and putamen and in the ventral striatum-nucleus accumbens proper. The more complex relationships among the different neurochemical systems in the ventral striatum may reflect the increase in size in the primate of striatal regions associated with association and limbic cortex.
人类大脑的纹状体具有高度分化的神经化学结构，这在针对纹状体中许多与神经递质相关分子的染色中可见。这些化学标记物的分布从未得到过全面分析。我们在对正常人类大脑的尾状核、壳核和腹侧纹状体进行连续切片分析时，比较了多种神经化学标记物的分布情况。胆碱能系统通过胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）来识别。将胆碱能纤维系统的组织结构与表达钙结合蛋白D28k、甲硫氨酸脑啡肽、P物质、酪氨酸羟化酶和小白蛋白免疫反应性的纹状体系统的组织结构进行了比较。所分析的每个纹状体区域都呈现出独特的神经化学组织。在背侧尾状核中，所有标记物的分布都遵循先前报道的经典纹状体小体/基质组织模式。在背侧壳核中，ChAT染色强度较低，纹状体小体主要由未染色的纤维束勾勒出来。在腹侧尾状核/伏隔核区域，用钙结合蛋白、脑啡肽和P物质染色时，ChAT染色区域的边界并不总是可见。腹侧壳核呈现出类似的组织模式，但其外侧部分除外，在该部分，ChAT含量低的区域常常与表达其他标记物（钙结合蛋白、脑啡肽、P物质和酪氨酸羟化酶）水平低的区域相邻，而不是对齐。我们的研究结果表明，除了在背侧尾状核和壳核中可见的经典纹状体小体 - 基质组织外，在尾状核和壳核的大部分腹侧部分以及腹侧纹状体 - 伏隔核本身还存在进一步的神经化学分化。腹侧纹状体中不同神经化学系统之间更复杂的关系可能反映了与联合皮质和边缘皮质相关的纹状体区域在灵长类动物中的增大。
