Handrigan M T, Wright R O, Becker B M, Linakis J G, Jay G D
Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital/Brown University School of Medicine, Providence 02903, USA.
Am J Emerg Med. 1997 Jul;15(4):350-3. doi: 10.1016/s0735-6757(97)90122-4.
A study was undertaken to determine the relationship between temperature and delivery rate of warmed intravenous fluid using standard intravenous infusion equipment and tubing. One-liter bags of 0.9% NaCl were warmed to 60 degrees C and run through standard microdrip tubing for 1 hour at rates of 1,000, 800, 600, and 400 mL/h. Thermistor probes were placed into the bag and into the tubing at 0, 100, 180, 230, and 280 cm from the intravenous bag. Separate fluid bags were also warmed to 39.3 degrees and 75 degrees C, and the fluid was run through the same apparatus at 1,000 mL/h and 200 mL/h, respectively. Temperatures were recorded at each site at the start of the infusion and every 10 minutes thereafter for 1 hour, Subsequently, 60-mL syringes of fluid warmed to 39.5 degrees C were eluted through 50 cm tubing over 10 minutes at 300 mL/h and 360 mL/h. Mean delivery temperature over each 10-minute infusion was determined. Fluid preheated to 39.3 degrees C approached room temperature at delivery even at a flow rate of 1,000 mL/h and tubing lengths as short as 100 cm. Fluid preheated to 60 degrees C was delivered at near 37 degrees C using tubing lengths as long as 280 cm when eluted at 1,000 mL/h. Fluid preheated to 39 degrees C in 60-mL syringes and eluted through 50 cm of tubing over a period of 10 minutes at 300 mL/h or 360 mL/h was delivered near a mean temperature of 37 degrees C. These results show that warmed fluid can be delivered through standard intravenous tubing at or near 37 degrees C if the fluid is preheated to 60 degrees C and eluted through long tubing (280 cm) at high flow rates (1,000 mL/h). Alternatively, fluid warmed to 37 degrees C to 42 degrees C can be delivered at or near 37 degrees C via intermittent bolus through short tubing (50 cm) either by hand or syringe pump. The latter approach would be particularly beneficial in the pediatric population, in whom it is not advisable to administer fluid at flow rates as high as 1,000 mL/h.
本研究旨在使用标准静脉输液设备和输液管确定温度与温热静脉输液滴注速率之间的关系。将1升装的0.9%氯化钠溶液加热至60摄氏度，并以1000、800、600和400毫升/小时的速率通过标准微滴输液管运行1小时。热敏电阻探头分别放置在距静脉输液袋0、100、180、230和280厘米处的输液袋和输液管中。还将单独的输液袋分别加热至39.3摄氏度和75摄氏度，然后分别以1000毫升/小时和200毫升/小时的速率使液体通过同一装置。在输液开始时以及此后每10分钟记录一次每个部位的温度，持续1小时。随后，将预热至39.5摄氏度的60毫升注射器中的液体以300毫升/小时和360毫升/小时的速率在10分钟内通过50厘米长的输液管洗脱。确定每次10分钟输液期间的平均输送温度。即使流速为1000毫升/小时且输液管长度短至100厘米，预热至39.3摄氏度的液体在输送时也接近室温。当以1000毫升/小时的速率洗脱时，预热至60摄氏度的液体使用长达280厘米的输液管在接近37摄氏度时输送。在60毫升注射器中预热至39摄氏度并在10分钟内以300毫升/小时或360毫升/小时的速率通过50厘米长的输液管洗脱的液体，其输送时的平均温度接近37摄氏度。这些结果表明，如果将液体预热至60摄氏度并以高流速（1000毫升/小时）通过长输液管（280厘米）洗脱，则温热的液体可以通过标准静脉输液管在37摄氏度或接近37摄氏度的温度下输送。或者，通过手动或注射器泵经短输液管（50厘米）间歇性推注，可以在37摄氏度或接近37摄氏度的温度下输送预热至37摄氏度至42摄氏度的液体。后一种方法对儿科患者特别有益，因为在儿科患者中，以高达1000毫升/小时的流速给药是不可取的。
