Vilensky J A, O'Connor B L, Brandt K D, Dunn E A, Rogers P I
Department of Anatomy, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Fort Wayne 46805, USA.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1997 May;5(3):173-82. doi: 10.1016/s1063-4584(97)80012-x.
Transection of the anterior cruciate ligament 2 weeks after ipsilateral hindlimb deafferentation leads to osteoarthritis of the knee joint within 3 weeks. We analyzed the gait of six dogs that underwent this procedure in order to identify kinematic changes that could account for this rapid joint degeneration. All animals were video taped, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 13 weeks after surgery while they trotted on a treadmill.
In each dog, extension of the hip, knee and ankle joints of the unstable limb was increased, and the yield phase of the unstable knee was delayed or attenuated. When killed, five of six dogs showed a large full-thickness cartilage ulcer on the distal and/or anterior surface of the medial femoral condyle of the unstable knee; in the sixth dog, a smaller ulcer was observed. However, the severity of pathology in each individual was not obviously related to difference among the dogs in postoperative joint kinematics.
These data, and results of prior studies in humans and dogs, suggest that knee hyperextension resulting from limb deafferentation, and knee instability resulting from anterior cruciate ligament transection, operate in concert to create a mechanical environment (i.e., increased tibiofemoral separation and changes in the loading of articular surfaces) that results in rapid joint breakdown.
同侧后肢去传入神经2周后切断前交叉韧带会在3周内导致膝关节骨关节炎。我们分析了6只接受该手术的犬的步态，以确定可能导致这种快速关节退变的运动学变化。所有动物在术后1、3、6、9和13周在跑步机上小跑时均被录像。
每只犬不稳定肢体的髋关节、膝关节和踝关节伸展增加，不稳定膝关节的屈服期延迟或减弱。处死时，6只犬中有5只在不稳定膝关节内侧股骨髁的远端和/或前表面出现大面积全层软骨溃疡；在第6只犬中，观察到较小的溃疡。然而，每个个体的病理严重程度与犬术后关节运动学差异之间无明显相关性。
这些数据以及先前在人和犬中的研究结果表明，肢体去传入神经导致的膝关节过度伸展以及前交叉韧带切断导致的膝关节不稳定共同作用，形成一种机械环境（即胫股分离增加和关节面负荷变化），从而导致关节快速破坏。
