Kortlander E, Kendall P C, Panichelli-Mindel S M
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
J Anxiety Disord. 1997 May-Jun;11(3):297-315. doi: 10.1016/s0887-6185(97)00012-1.
This study examined maternal expectations and attributions regarding their child's ability to cope with a stressful situation. Children either met DSM III-R criteria for an Anxiety Disorder or were normal. Results indicated that it was not the perception of threat that differentiated the expectations of mothers in both groups, but rather their expectations for coping, both generally and in terms of specific behavior. Mothers of anxiety-disorder (AD) children expected their children to be more upset, less able to make themselves feel comfortable, and were less confident in their children's abilities to perform task related behavior. In general, maternal expectations for coping appear to reflect the actual lower coping ability of anxious children. Concerning attributions, mothers of AD children made fewer causal distinctions between high and low coping than did mothers of normal control (NC) children. Discussion considers how lowered expectations for coping may relate to protective parenting and how such patterns may unwittingly maintain anxious behavior in children.
本研究考察了母亲对其孩子应对压力情境能力的期望和归因。儿童要么符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订版（DSM III-R）中焦虑症的标准，要么是正常儿童。结果表明，区分两组母亲期望的并非对威胁的认知，而是她们对应对的期望，包括总体应对期望以及特定行为方面的应对期望。患有焦虑症（AD）儿童的母亲期望自己的孩子更容易心烦意乱，更难以让自己感到舒适，并且对孩子执行与任务相关行为的能力信心更低。总体而言，母亲对应对的期望似乎反映了焦虑儿童实际较低的应对能力。关于归因，与正常对照组（NC）儿童的母亲相比，患有AD儿童的母亲在高应对和低应对之间做出的因果区分更少。讨论考虑了应对期望降低可能如何与保护性养育相关，以及这种模式可能如何在不知不觉中维持儿童的焦虑行为。
