Lemasson J J, Fontenille D, Lochouarn L, Dia I, Simard F, Ba K, Diop A, Diatta M, Molez J F
Institut Francais de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en coopération (ORSTOM), Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Sénégal.
J Med Entomol. 1997 Jul;34(4):396-403. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/34.4.396.
The ecology, population dynamics, and malaria vector efficiency of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis were studied for 2 yr in a Sahelian village of Senegal. Anophelines were captured at human bait and resting indoors by pyrethrum spray. Mosquitoes belonging to the An. gambiae complex were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Of 26,973 females, An. arabiensis represented 79% of the mosquitoes captured and remained in the study area longer than An. gambiae after the rains terminated. There were no differences in nocturnal biting cycles or endophagous rates between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis. Based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test of bloodmeals, the anthropophilic rate of these 2 vectors were both approximately 60%, when comparisons were made during the same period. Overall, 18% of the resting females had patent mixed bloodmeals, mainly human-bovine. The parity rates of An. gambiae and An. arabiensis varied temporally. Despite similar behavior, the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) rates were different between An. gambiae (4.1%) and An. arabiensis (1.3%). P. malariae and P. ovale only represented 4% of the total Plasmodium identified in mosquitoes. Transmission was seasonal, occurring mainly during 4 mo. The CSP entomological inoculation rates were 128 bites per human per year for the 1st yr and 100 for the 2nd yr. Because of the combination of a high human biting rate and a low CSP rate, An. arabiensis accounted for 63% of transmission. Possible origin of differences in CSP rate between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis is discussed in relation to the parity rate, blood feeding frequency, and the hypothesis of genetic factors.
在塞内加尔一个萨赫勒村庄对冈比亚按蚊和阿拉伯按蚊的生态、种群动态及疟疾传播媒介效率进行了为期两年的研究。通过在人诱捕点用除虫菊酯喷雾捕捉按蚊并让其在室内栖息来进行研究。属于冈比亚按蚊复合体的蚊子通过聚合酶链反应进行鉴定。在捕获的26973只雌蚊中，阿拉伯按蚊占捕获蚊子的79%，且在雨季结束后在研究区域停留的时间比冈比亚按蚊更长。冈比亚按蚊和阿拉伯按蚊在夜间叮咬周期或嗜内习性方面没有差异。根据对血餐的酶联免疫吸附测定试验，在同一时期进行比较时，这两种传播媒介的嗜人率均约为60%。总体而言，18%的栖息雌蚊有明显的混合血餐，主要是人与牛的混合血餐。冈比亚按蚊和阿拉伯按蚊的产雌率随时间变化。尽管行为相似，但冈比亚按蚊（4.1%）和阿拉伯按蚊（1.3%）之间的恶性疟原虫环子孢子蛋白（CSP）率不同。间日疟原虫和卵形疟原虫仅占在蚊子中鉴定出的疟原虫总数的4%。传播具有季节性，主要发生在4个月内。第一年CSP昆虫接种率为每人每年128次叮咬，第二年为100次。由于高嗜人率和低CSP率的综合作用，阿拉伯按蚊占传播的63%。结合产雌率、吸血频率和遗传因素假说讨论了冈比亚按蚊和阿拉伯按蚊之间CSP率差异的可能原因。
