Robert V, Dieng H, Lochouran L, Traoré S F, Trape J F, Simondon F, Fontenille D
ORSTROM (Institut français de recherche scientifique pour le développement en coopération), Dakar, Sénégal.
Trop Med Int Health. 1998 Aug;3(8):667-77. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00288.x.
The anopheline bioecology and the malaria transmission were studied from January to December 1995 in three villages of the sahelian rural area of Niakhar, Senegal. This area of 29000 inhabitants, has been for several decades, a regional observatory for population and health. The three methods used for collecting mosquitoes were the collection at larval stages, the all night human biting collection, and the pyrethrum spray catch in houses during afternoons. The anophelines collected were, by numerical importance: Anopheles arabiensis, An. rufipes, An. gambiae, An. pharoensis, An. funestus and An. coustani. In the An. gambiae complex, An. arabiensis represented 97% of man biting females and 98% of half gravid resting females (difference not significant); the other reminding species of this complex was always An. gambiae. These two species belonging to the An. gambiae complex were responsible for the totality of the transmission. The anthropophilic index, obtained from half gravid indoor resting An. gambiae s.l., was 83%. The annual biting rate of An. gambiae s.l. varied from 512 to 1558 bites per man per night, depending on the villages. Vectors were observed all year long but their densities were low during the dry season. Vector population presented a notable increase due to the rains, with a maximum of about 10 bites per man per night in September or at the beginning of October; during September the biting rate represented 48% of the annual biting rate. The sporozoitic index of An. gambiae s.l., obtained by ELISA revealing the circumsporozoite protein, was 1.6% for human biting females and 1.8% for half-gravid resting females (difference not significant). Plasmodium falciparum was the only plasmodial species observed among infected anophelines. The annual transmission in the vo villages representative of the Niakhar area were 9 and 12 bites of infected anophelines per man, occurring mainly from August to October. In the third village, not representative of the area regarding permanent breeding places, the transmission was 26 bites of infected anopheline per man per year. These results were discussed in the Senegambian and sahelian contexts.
1995年1月至12月，在塞内加尔尼亚喀尔萨赫勒农村地区的三个村庄对按蚊生物生态学和疟疾传播进行了研究。该地区有29000名居民，几十年来一直是人口与健康区域观测站。收集蚊子的三种方法是幼虫阶段采集、整夜人饵叮咬采集以及下午在房屋内进行除虫菊酯喷雾捕捉。按数量重要性排列，所收集的按蚊有：阿拉伯按蚊、棕足按蚊、冈比亚按蚊、法老按蚊、富氏按蚊和库斯塔尼按蚊。在冈比亚按蚊复合体中，阿拉伯按蚊占叮咬人类雌蚊的97%，占半孕静止雌蚊的98%（差异不显著）；该复合体中其余的留存种类始终是冈比亚按蚊。这两种属于冈比亚按蚊复合体的按蚊造成了全部传播。从半孕的室内静止冈比亚按蚊复合种获得的嗜人指数为83%。冈比亚按蚊复合种的年叮咬率因村庄而异，每人每晚从512次叮咬到1558次叮咬不等。全年都能观察到媒介，但旱季其密度较低。由于降雨，媒介种群显著增加，9月或10月初每人每晚最多约有10次叮咬；9月的叮咬率占年叮咬率的48%。通过ELISA检测环子孢子蛋白获得的冈比亚按蚊复合种的子孢子指数，叮咬人类雌蚊为1.6%，半孕静止雌蚊为1.8%（差异不显著）。恶性疟原虫是在受感染按蚊中观察到的唯一疟原虫种类。尼亚喀尔地区有代表性地区的两个村庄的年传播率为每人被感染按蚊叮咬9次和12次，主要发生在8月至10月。在第三个村庄，就永久性孳生地而言不具有该地区代表性，年传播率为每人每年被感染按蚊叮咬26次。在塞内冈比亚和萨赫勒背景下对这些结果进行了讨论。
