Blake G M, Fogelman I
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Semin Nucl Med. 1997 Jul;27(3):210-28. doi: 10.1016/s0001-2998(97)80025-6.
Since its introduction nearly ten years ago, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has become the single most widely used technique for performing bone densitometry studies. One reason for its popularity is the ability of DXA systems to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in the spine and proximal femur, the two most common sites for osteoporotic fractures. Other advantages of DXA include the exceptionally low radiation dose to patients, short scan times, high resolution images, good precision and inherent stability of calibration. For these reasons DXA scans are widely used to diagnose osteoporosis, assist making decisions in treatment, and as a follow-up response to therapy. Another important application has been the use of DXA in many clinical trials of new treatments for osteoporosis. Since the first generation pencil beam DXA systems became available, the most significant technical innovation has been the introduction of fan beam systems with shorter scan times, increased patient throughput, and improved image quality. New clinical applications include the measurement of lateral spine and total body BMD, body composition, and vertebral morphometry. Despite these advances, posteroanterior (PA) spine and proximal femur scans remain the most widely used application because of their utility in treatment decisions and monitoring response to therapy.
自近十年前推出以来，双能X线吸收法（DXA）已成为进行骨密度测量研究中使用最广泛的单一技术。其受欢迎的一个原因是DXA系统能够测量脊柱和股骨近端的骨矿物质密度（BMD），这两个部位是骨质疏松性骨折最常见的部位。DXA的其他优点包括对患者的辐射剂量极低、扫描时间短、图像分辨率高、精度好以及校准的固有稳定性。由于这些原因，DXA扫描被广泛用于诊断骨质疏松症、辅助治疗决策以及作为治疗的随访反应。另一个重要应用是DXA在许多骨质疏松症新治疗方法的临床试验中的使用。自第一代笔形束DXA系统问世以来，最重大的技术创新是引入了扇形束系统，其扫描时间更短、患者通量增加且图像质量提高。新的临床应用包括测量脊柱侧位和全身BMD、身体成分以及椎体形态学。尽管有这些进展，但后前位（PA）脊柱和近端股骨扫描仍然是使用最广泛的应用，因为它们在治疗决策和监测治疗反应方面很有用。
