Roberts R E, Roberts C R, Chen Y R
Department of Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston 77225, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 1997 Feb;25(1):95-110. doi: 10.1023/a:1024649925737.
Data from an ethnically diverse sample of middle school (Grades 6-8) students (n = 5,423) are analyzed for ethnic differences in major depression. The point prevalence of major depression was 8.4% without and 4.3% with impairment. Data were sufficient to calculate prevalences for nine ethnic groups. Prevalences adjusted for impairment ranged from 1.9% for youths of Chinese descent to 6.6% for those of Mexican decent. African and Mexican American youths had significantly higher crude rates of depression without impairment, but only the latter had significantly higher rates of depression with impairment. Multivariate (logistic regression) analyses, adjusting for the effects of age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES), yielded significant odds ratios for only one group. Mexican American youths were at elevated risk for both depression without (OR = 1.74, p < .05) and depression with impairment (OR = 1.71, p < .05). There was no significant interaction of ethnicity and SES in relation to depression. Females had higher prevalences of depression with and without impairment, as did youths who reported that their SES was somewhat or much worse off than their peers. The data add to growing evidence that Mexican American youths are at increased risk of depression, and that community intervention efforts should specifically target this high-risk group.
对来自一个具有种族多样性的中学（6至8年级）学生样本（n = 5423）的数据进行分析，以研究重度抑郁症的种族差异。重度抑郁症的点患病率在无功能损害时为8.4%，有功能损害时为4.3%。数据足以计算九个种族群体的患病率。经功能损害调整后的患病率从华裔青少年的1.9%到墨西哥裔青少年的6.6%不等。非洲裔和墨西哥裔美国青少年在无功能损害时的抑郁症粗发病率显著更高，但只有后者在有功能损害时的抑郁症发病率显著更高。多变量（逻辑回归）分析在调整了年龄、性别和社会经济地位（SES）的影响后，仅一组得出了显著的优势比。墨西哥裔美国青少年在无功能损害（OR = 1.74，p < 0.05）和有功能损害（OR = 1.71，p < 0.05）时患抑郁症的风险均升高。种族与SES在抑郁症方面没有显著的交互作用。女性在有和无功能损害时抑郁症的患病率都更高，那些报告自己的SES比同龄人稍差或差得多的青少年也是如此。这些数据进一步证明，墨西哥裔美国青少年患抑郁症的风险增加，社区干预措施应特别针对这一高危群体。
