Villringer A
Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Medizinische Fakultät Charité, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1997;413:177-93. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0056-2_20.
Functional neuroimaging techniques are usually grouped according to the employed apparatus into functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques (fMRI), nuclear medicine approaches such as single photon emission tomography (SPET) or positron emission tomography (PET), and optical approaches (measurement of intrinsic signals, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)). However, the physiological parameters that are measured with these methods do not necessarily follow this technical classification. On the one hand, using different imaging modalities the same physiological parameters are measured and on the other hand, using the same imaging devices completely different physiological parameters can be assessed. The present article covers those functional neuroimaging methods which measure the vascular response to functional brain activation (PET, SPET, fMRI and NIRS). First, starting with the traditional grouping of these methods, it is outlined how the specific methods assess vascular changes associated with brain activation in order to localize brain function. Based on the understanding of the underlying physiological events, subsequently, a new classification of functional neuroimaging methods is proposed.
功能性神经成像技术通常根据所使用的仪器分为功能性磁共振成像技术（fMRI）、核医学方法，如单光子发射断层扫描（SPET）或正电子发射断层扫描（PET），以及光学方法（测量内在信号、近红外光谱（NIRS））。然而，用这些方法测量的生理参数不一定遵循这种技术分类。一方面，使用不同的成像方式可以测量相同的生理参数，另一方面，使用相同的成像设备可以评估完全不同的生理参数。本文涵盖了那些测量大脑功能激活时血管反应的功能性神经成像方法（PET、SPET、fMRI和NIRS）。首先，从这些方法的传统分类开始，概述了特定方法如何评估与大脑激活相关的血管变化以定位脑功能。基于对潜在生理事件的理解，随后提出了功能性神经成像方法的新分类。
