Bacca L A, Leusch M, Lanzalaco A C, Macksood D, Bouwsma O J, Shaffer J B, Howard-Nordan K S, Knippenberg S H, Kreutzjans M K, Miller J M, Poore C L, Sunberg R J, Vastola K A, Becus M, Bartizek R D, Block R P, Briner W W, White D J
Procter and Gamble Company Mason, Ohio, USA.
J Clin Dent. 1997;8(2 Spec No):54-61.
The intraoral antimicrobial activity of four commercial oral products-conventional NaF dentifrice (Crest), baking soda/peroxide/NaF dentifrice (Mentadent), essential oil mouthrinse (Listerine) and SnF2 dentifrice (Crest Plus Gum Care)-have been compared in three test regimens. Formulations were compared for their ability to suppress the regrowth and apical extension of dental plaque following toothbrushing during thirty hours of non-brushing where products were used as oral rinses (30-hour plaque regrowth model). Formulations were also compared for their ability to suppress the colony-forming units (cfu) of facultative anaerobic bacteria sampled from buccal gingival surfaces following use (Gingival Surface Microbial Index-GSMI model). Lastly, formulations were compared for effects in suppressing the glycolytic metabolic activity and regrowth activity of in vivo-treated dental plaques sampled at various periods following topical use and incubated under controlled ex vivo conditions (Plaque Glycolysis and Regrowth-PGRM model). In thirty-hour plaque regrowth testing, the rank ordered antimicrobial efficacy of formulations followed SnF2 > essential oils > NaF = water = baking soda/peroxide. In GSMI testing, all formulations were shown to suppress the cfu of facultative anaerobic bacteria relative to baseline, although SnF2 treatment was observed to reduce bacterial levels to a significantly greater degree than NaF dentifrice or baking soda/peroxide dentifrice up to two hours following brushing. In PGRM testing, the SnF2 dentifrice provided significant inhibition of bacterial metabolism and regrowth following topical application when compared with the NaF dentifrice as control. The baking soda/peroxide dentifrice provided no reduction in either bacterial metabolism or regrowth in PGRM. Previous studies had demonstrated modest effects for essential oil rinse in reducing PGRM plaque regrowth, with no effects for this treatment on plaque metabolism. Overall, these results demonstrate that SnF2 dentifrice provides substantial intraoral antimicrobial effects. The essential oil mouthrinse also exhibits significant intraoral antimicrobial effects, albeit apparently less than SnF2 dentifrice. The baking soda/peroxide dentifrice did not produce any antimicrobial effects following in vivo use compared with conventional dentifrice. These results provide mechanistic rationale for the chemotherapeutic efficacy of SnF2 and essential oil formulations in reducing gingivitis, while providing no support for the expectation of clinical efficacy for formulations containing baking soda and peroxide.
在三种测试方案中比较了四种市售口腔产品的口内抗菌活性，这四种产品分别是：传统含氟牙膏（佳洁士）、小苏打/过氧化物/含氟牙膏（门达顿）、精油漱口水（李施德林）和含氟牙膏（佳洁士牙龈护理牙膏）。比较了这些产品在刷牙后30小时不刷牙期间作为口腔漱口水使用时抑制牙菌斑再生长和根尖延伸的能力（30小时牙菌斑再生长模型）。还比较了这些产品在使用后抑制从颊侧牙龈表面取样的兼性厌氧菌集落形成单位（cfu）的能力（牙龈表面微生物指数-GSMI模型）。最后，比较了这些产品在局部使用后不同时间段取样并在体外受控条件下培养的体内处理牙菌斑的糖酵解代谢活性和再生长活性方面的抑制作用（牙菌斑糖酵解和再生长-PGRM模型）。在30小时牙菌斑再生长测试中，产品的抗菌效力排序为：含氟牙膏>精油>含氟牙膏=水=小苏打/过氧化物。在GSMI测试中，所有产品相对于基线均显示出抑制兼性厌氧菌cfu的作用，不过在刷牙后长达两小时内，观察到含氟牙膏处理使细菌水平降低的程度明显大于含氟牙膏或小苏打/过氧化物牙膏。在PGRM测试中，与作为对照的含氟牙膏相比，含氟牙膏在局部应用后对细菌代谢和再生长具有显著抑制作用。小苏打/过氧化物牙膏在PGRM中对细菌代谢或再生长均未产生降低作用。先前的研究表明，精油漱口水在减少PGRM牙菌斑再生长方面有适度效果，而该处理对牙菌斑代谢无影响。总体而言，这些结果表明含氟牙膏具有显著的口内抗菌作用。精油漱口水也表现出显著的口内抗菌作用，尽管明显小于含氟牙膏。与传统牙膏相比，小苏打/过氧化物牙膏在体内使用后未产生任何抗菌作用。这些结果为含氟牙膏和精油配方在减少牙龈炎方面的化疗功效提供了机制依据，同时不支持含有小苏打和过氧化物配方具有临床疗效的预期。
