Liss S N, Bicho P A, Saddler J N
Department of Applied Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ryerson Polytechnic University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Can J Microbiol. 1997 Jul;43(7):599-611. doi: 10.1139/m97-086.
Resin acids, a group of diterpenoid carboxylic acids present mainly in softwood species, are present in many pulp mill effluents and toxic to fish in recipient waters. They are considered to be readily biodegradable. However, their removal across biological treatment systems has been shown to vary. Recent studies indicate that natural resin acids and transformation products may accumulate in sediments and pose acute and chronic toxicity to fish. Several resin acid biotransformation compounds have also been shown to bioaccumulate and to be more resistant to biodegradation than the original material. Until recently, the microbiology of resin-acid degradation has received only scant attention. Although wood-inhabiting fungi have been shown to decrease the level of resin present in wood, there is no conclusive evidence that fungi can completely degrade these compounds. In contrast, a number of bacterial isolates have recently been described which are able to utilize dehydroabietic or isopimaric acids as their sole carbon source. There appears to be an unusually high degree of substrate specificity with respect of the utilization of abietane congeners and the presence of substituents. Pimaranes do not appear to be attacked to the same extent as the abietanes. This paper reviews the occurrence, chemistry, toxicity, and biodegradation of resin acids in relation to the biological treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents.
树脂酸是一类主要存在于针叶树种中的二萜羧酸，存在于许多纸浆厂废水中，对受纳水体中的鱼类有毒。它们被认为易于生物降解。然而，它们在生物处理系统中的去除情况却有所不同。最近的研究表明，天然树脂酸及其转化产物可能会在沉积物中积累，并对鱼类造成急性和慢性毒性。几种树脂酸生物转化化合物也已被证明会生物累积，并且比原始物质更耐生物降解。直到最近，树脂酸降解的微生物学才受到很少的关注。尽管已证明木栖真菌会降低木材中树脂的含量，但没有确凿证据表明真菌能够完全降解这些化合物。相比之下，最近描述了一些细菌分离株，它们能够利用脱氢枞酸或异海松酸作为唯一碳源。在利用枞烷同系物和取代基的存在方面，似乎存在异常高的底物特异性。海松烷类似乎没有受到与枞烷类相同程度的攻击。本文综述了与制浆造纸厂废水生物处理相关的树脂酸的存在、化学、毒性和生物降解情况。
