Cherry P W, Lakomy H K, Nevill M E, Maddox N L
Department of Physical Education, Sports Science and Recreation Management, Loughborough University, UK.
J Sports Sci. 1997 Apr;15(2):201-6. doi: 10.1080/026404197367470.
Many sports events require participants to exert a maximal effort in the closing stages-that is, after prior fatiguing exercise. Peak and mean pedalling rate during 30 s of high-intensity cycle ergometer exercise was manipulated by altering the applied resistance or the initial exercise intensity so that the effect of three contrasting strategies on subsequent peak power output could be examined. Seven female students cycled for 30 s in one of three conditions: (1) all-out effort against an applied resistance of 7.5% of body weight (test 1); (2) at a constant pace of 55% of the peak pedal rate of test 1 against a resistance of 10.9 +/- 0.4% of body weight (test 2); (3) all-out effort against the greater resistance (test 3). A 6 s sprint against the lesser resistance was performed 3 s after each test. Total work was greater (P < 0.01) in test 3 than in test 1, while mean pedal rate was higher (P < 0.01) in test 1 (mean +/- S.E.: 10.0 +/- 0.4 rad s-1) than in tests 2 and 3 (7.2 +/- 0.4 and 7.8 +/- 0.3 rad s-1 respectively). The peak power output in the subsequent 6 s sprint was similar following tests 2 and 3 (516 +/- 37 and 534 +/- 41 W respectively), but was lower following test 1 (420 +/- 37 W) (P < 0.01, test 1 vs tests 2 and 3). These results indicate that the number of muscle actions during 30 s of fatiguing exercise may exert a considerable influence on one's ability to subsequently produce peak power output. In sports such as cycling where the same external velocity is attainable at different muscle action speeds, then appropriate gear selection during the race will impact on the rider's ability to sprint in the latter stages.
许多体育赛事要求参与者在最后阶段全力以赴——也就是说，在先前的疲劳运动之后。通过改变施加的阻力或初始运动强度，来控制高强度自行车测力计运动30秒期间的峰值和平均蹬踏速率，以便研究三种不同策略对随后峰值功率输出的影响。七名女学生在三种条件之一中进行30秒的骑行：(1) 以相当于体重7.5%的施加阻力进行全力骑行（测试1）；(2) 以测试1峰值蹬踏速率的55%的恒定速度，对抗相当于体重10.9±0.4%的阻力骑行（测试2）；(3) 以更大的阻力进行全力骑行（测试3）。每次测试后3秒，以较小的阻力进行6秒冲刺。测试3中的总功大于测试1（P<0.01），而测试1中的平均蹬踏速率高于测试2和测试3（P<0.01）（平均值±标准误：测试1为10.0±0.4弧度·秒⁻¹，测试2和测试3分别为7.2±0.4和7.8±0.3弧度·秒⁻¹）。测试2和测试3后，随后6秒冲刺中的峰值功率输出相似（分别为516±37瓦和534±41瓦），但测试1后较低（420±37瓦）（P<0.01，测试1与测试2和测试3相比）。这些结果表明，疲劳运动30秒期间的肌肉动作次数，可能会对一个人随后产生峰值功率输出的能力产生相当大的影响。在诸如自行车运动等，在不同肌肉动作速度下可达到相同外部速度的运动中，那么比赛期间合适的档位选择，将影响骑手在后期冲刺的能力。
