Gogel W C, Eby D W
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 1997 Jul;59(5):783-806. doi: 10.3758/bf03206024.
Using monocular observation, open-loop measurements were obtained of the perceptions of linear size, angular size, and sagittal motion associated with the terminal (largest or smallest) stimuli of repetitive optical expansions and contractions using 1-D or 2-D displays produced on a video monitor at a constant distance from the observer. The perceptions from these dynamic conditions were compared with those from static conditions in which the stimuli were of the same physical size and at the same physical distance as the terminal dynamic stimuli, but that were not part of the optical expansions or contractions. One result, as expected, was that the measures of perceived linear and angular size differed, but also, unexpectedly, some substantial errors were associated with the measures of perceived angular size. Another result was that the amount of size constancy was considerably less than was expected from the obtained amount of perceived motion in depth. Consistent with the latter result, it was found that the size-distance invariance hypothesis (SDIH), using the physical visual angles of the terminal stimuli, predicted only about half of the perceived motion in depth obtained with the dynamic changes. Using the obtained measures of perceived visual angles in the SDIH increased rather than decreased the error in predicting the amount of motion in depth as perceived. An additional experiment suggests that at least some of the error in the measurement of the perceived visual angle is a consequence of error in the perceived origin of the visual angles. The absence of the expected relation between size constancy and perceived motion in depth in the dynamic conditions is hypothesized to be due to cognitive processes associated with off-sized perceptions of the stimuli.
通过单眼观察，使用视频监视器在与观察者保持恒定距离的情况下生成的一维或二维显示，对与重复光学膨胀和收缩的终端（最大或最小）刺激相关的线性大小、角大小和矢状运动的感知进行了开环测量。将这些动态条件下的感知与静态条件下的感知进行比较，在静态条件下，刺激的物理大小和物理距离与终端动态刺激相同，但不是光学膨胀或收缩的一部分。一个预期的结果是，感知到的线性大小和角大小的测量值不同，但出乎意料的是，一些重大误差与感知到的角大小的测量值相关。另一个结果是，大小恒常性的程度远低于根据获得的深度感知运动量所预期的程度。与后一个结果一致的是，发现使用终端刺激的物理视角的大小-距离不变性假设（SDIH）仅预测了动态变化中获得的深度感知运动的大约一半。在SDIH中使用获得的感知视角测量值，反而增加了而不是减少了预测感知到的深度运动量的误差。一项额外的实验表明，至少部分感知视角测量中的误差是感知视角原点误差的结果。在动态条件下，大小恒常性与深度感知运动之间缺乏预期的关系，据推测是由于与刺激的非标准感知相关的认知过程所致。
