Gogel W C
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 1998 Jul;60(5):805-20. doi: 10.3758/bf03206064.
The allocation of perceived size and perceived motion or displacement in depth resulting from retinal size changes (changes in the visual angle of the stimulus) was investigated in situations in which all other cues of perceived changes in distance were absent. The allocation process was represented by the size-distance invariance hypothesis (SDIH), in which, for a given change in visual angle, the perceived depth was determined only by the amount of size constancy available. The changes in perceived size and perceived distance (perceived depth) were measured by kinesthetic observer (open-loop) adjustments in five situations. These situations consisted of optical expansions or contractions presented successively or simultaneously or as a mixture of successive and simultaneous presentations. The amounts of perceived motion or perceived displacement in depth obtained by kinesthetic measures were compared with those obtained from size constancy measures as applied to the SDIH. This latter measure accounted for more of the perceived depth obtained from simultaneous and mixed situations than it did for the perceived depth from the successive situations and more for the perceived depth obtained from the expansion than from the contraction situations, whether these were simultaneous or mixed. Perceived rigidity of the stimulus (perfect size constancy) clearly was not obtained in any of the situations. Significant partial size constancy and some predictive ability of the perceived sagittal motion was found using the SDIH in all the situations except in the successively presented contraction situation, with the predictive ability from the SDIH increasing with increases in the amount of size constancy. The difference between the observer's measures of the perceived motion or displacement in depth and the amount of perceived motion or displacement predicted from the perceptions of linear size using the SDIH is asserted to be due to a cognitive process associated with the perception of the different stimulus sizes as off-sized objects.
在所有其他距离感知变化线索均不存在的情况下，研究了因视网膜大小变化（刺激视角变化）导致的感知大小与感知运动或深度位移的分配情况。分配过程由大小 - 距离不变性假说（SDIH）来表示，即对于给定的视角变化，感知深度仅由可用的大小恒常性量来确定。在五种情况下，通过动觉观察者（开环）调整来测量感知大小和感知距离（感知深度）的变化。这些情况包括连续或同时呈现的光学膨胀或收缩，或者是连续与同时呈现的混合情况。将通过动觉测量获得的深度感知运动或感知位移量与应用于SDIH的大小恒常性测量所获得的量进行比较。后一种测量对同时和混合情况下获得的感知深度的解释比连续情况下更多，对膨胀情况下获得的感知深度的解释比收缩情况下更多，无论这些情况是同时还是混合的。在任何一种情况下都显然未获得刺激的感知刚性（完美大小恒常性）。除了连续呈现的收缩情况外，在所有情况下使用SDIH都发现了显著的部分大小恒常性和感知矢状运动的一些预测能力，并且SDIH的预测能力随着大小恒常性量的增加而增加。观察者对深度感知运动或位移的测量与使用SDIH从线性大小感知预测的感知运动或位移量之间的差异被认为是由于与将不同刺激大小感知为非标准大小物体相关的认知过程所致。
