Lim C S, Chung D Y, Kaang B K
Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea.
Mol Cells. 1997 Jun 30;7(3):399-407.
Snail nervous systems are powerful tools for neurobiological studies as the biophysical properties of the giant neurons and their neural circuits can be examined in relation to specific behaviors of animals. The marine mollusc Aplysia californica is particularly useful for analyzing the components of learning and memory at the molecular and cellular levels. Here we partially examined the nervous systems of two species (A. kurodai and A. juliana) commonly found along the Korean coast in comparison with that of A. californica, one of the American marine snails. A. kurodai appeared to be identical to A. californica in both anatomical and physiological properties of the nervous system. A. juliana could be distinguished from A. californica in certain morphological aspects of the nervous system. The hemolymph either from A. kurodai or from A. juliana was required for effectively elongating neurite outgrowth of A. kurodai neurons in dissociated cell culture. The cultured cells retained neuronal properties such as neurite outgrowth, synapse formation, and generation of action potentials. The sensory cells of A. kurodai in dissociated cultures showed a response to serotonin (5-HT) of spike broadening and enhanced membrane excitability as in intact ganglia. Therefore, the nervous system and dissociated neuronal culture of A. kurodai may be useful for studying learning and memory in the context-of well-defined neural circuits of A. californica.
蜗牛的神经系统是神经生物学研究的有力工具，因为可以结合动物的特定行为来研究巨型神经元及其神经回路的生物物理特性。海生软体动物加州海兔在分子和细胞水平上分析学习和记忆的组成部分方面特别有用。在这里，我们部分研究了韩国海岸常见的两个物种（黑田海兔和朱莉安娜海兔）的神经系统，并与美国海生蜗牛之一的加州海兔进行了比较。黑田海兔在神经系统的解剖学和生理学特性上似乎与加州海兔相同。朱莉安娜海兔在神经系统的某些形态学方面可以与加州海兔区分开来。在解离细胞培养中，要有效延长黑田海兔神经元的神经突生长，需要来自黑田海兔或朱莉安娜海兔的血淋巴。培养的细胞保留了神经元特性，如神经突生长、突触形成和动作电位的产生。解离培养中的黑田海兔感觉细胞对血清素（5-羟色胺）表现出峰宽增加和膜兴奋性增强的反应，就像在完整神经节中一样。因此，黑田海兔的神经系统和解离神经元培养物可能有助于在加州海兔明确的神经回路背景下研究学习和记忆。
