Wilber R L, Zawadzki K M, Kearney J T, Shannon M P, Disalvo D
United States Olympic Training Center, Athlete Performance Laboratory, Colorado Springs 80909, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997 Aug;29(8):1090-4. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199708000-00015.
There are minimal scientific data describing international caliber off-road cyclists (mountain bikers), particularly as they compare physiologically with international caliber road cyclists. Elite female (N = 10) and male (N = 10) athletes representing the United States National Off-Road Bicycle Association (NORBA) Cross-Country Team were compared with elite female (N = 10) and male (N = 10) athletes representing the United States Cycling Federation (USCF) National Road Team. Submaximal and maximal exercise responses were evaluated during the "championship" phase of the training year when athletes were in peak condition. All physiological tests were conducted at 1860 m. Among the female athletes, physiological responses at lactate threshold (LT) and during maximal exercise (MAX) were similar between NORBA and USCF cyclists with two exceptions: 1) USCF cyclists demonstrated a significantly greater (P < 0.05) absolute (16%) and relative (10%) maximal aerobic power, and 2) MAX heart rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the USCF athletes (6%). Among the male athletes, physiological responses at LT and MAX were similar between NORBA and USCF cyclists with two exceptions: 1) USCF cyclists produced significantly greater (P < 0.05) absolute (18%) and relative (16%) power at LT, and 2) USCF cyclists produced significantly greater (P < 0.05) absolute (12%) and relative (10%) power at MAX. These data suggest that, in general, elite off-road cyclists possess physiological profiles that are similar to elite road cyclists.
关于国际水平的越野自行车运动员（山地自行车运动员）的科学数据极少，尤其是与国际水平的公路自行车运动员在生理方面的比较。将代表美国国家越野自行车协会（NORBA）越野车队的精英女性（N = 10）和男性（N = 10）运动员与代表美国自行车联合会（USCF）国家公路车队的精英女性（N = 10）和男性（N = 10）运动员进行了比较。在训练年的“锦标赛”阶段，当运动员处于最佳状态时，评估了次最大和最大运动反应。所有生理测试均在海拔1860米处进行。在女性运动员中，NORBA和USCF自行车运动员在乳酸阈值（LT）和最大运动（MAX）期间的生理反应相似，但有两个例外：1）USCF自行车运动员表现出显著更高（P < 0.05）的绝对（16%）和相对（10%）最大有氧功率，2）USCF运动员的MAX心率显著更高（P < 0.05）（6%）。在男性运动员中，NORBA和USCF自行车运动员在LT和MAX时的生理反应相似，但有两个例外：1）USCF自行车运动员在LT时产生显著更高（P < 0.05）的绝对（18%）和相对（16%）功率水平，2）USCF自行车运动员在MAX时产生显著更高（P < 0.05）的绝对（12%）和相对（10%）功率水平。这些数据表明，一般来说，精英越野自行车运动员的生理特征与精英公路自行车运动员相似。
