Konjufca V H, Pesti G M, Bakalli R I
Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2772, USA.
Poult Sci. 1997 Sep;76(9):1264-71. doi: 10.1093/ps/76.9.1264.
Male Ross x Ross 208 chickens were fed from hatching to 21 d of age either a control diet (based on corn and soybean meal) or the control diet supplemented with 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5% of a commercial garlic powder in Experiments 1 and 2. Once the dose-response relationship was established, 3% garlic powder or 63 or 180 mg/kg copper as cupric citrate or cupric sulfate pentahydrate were supplemented to the diet (Experiments 3, 4, 5, and 6). In the first two experiments, reductions of plasma cholesterol (P = 0.006) and triacylglycerols (P = 0.013) and liver (P = 0.012) and breast muscle (P = 0.165) cholesterol were observed in garlic-supplemented birds. Feeding either garlic powder or copper (63 and 180 mg/kg) resulted in reduced levels of plasma cholesterol, liver cholesterol, blood reduced glutathione, and breast and thigh muscle cholesterol. Differences were significant at P < 0.05 in at least one experiment. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl reductase activity was decreased due to dietary garlic (P = 0.0369), but not by pharmacological levels of dietary copper (P = 0.982). The activity of fatty acid synthetase was decreased in birds fed copper (P = 0.035). Both garlic and copper supplements decreased cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity (P = 0.024 and P = 0.022, respectively). The results of these trials confirm the findings that garlic and copper alter lipid and cholesterol metabolism. However, they do not work by the same mechanism. Feeding dietary garlic or copper for 21 d reduced cholesterol levels of broiler meat without altering growth of the chickens or feed efficiency.
在实验1和实验2中，雄性罗斯×罗斯208肉鸡从孵化到21日龄期间，分别喂食对照日粮（以玉米和豆粕为基础）或添加了0%、1.5%、3.0%和4.5%商业大蒜粉的对照日粮。一旦确定了剂量反应关系，就在日粮中添加3%大蒜粉或63或180毫克/千克的柠檬酸铜或五水硫酸铜（实验3、4、5和6）。在前两个实验中，观察到补充大蒜的鸡血浆胆固醇（P = 0.006）、三酰甘油（P = 0.013）、肝脏（P = 0.012）和胸肌胆固醇（P = 0.165）有所降低。喂食大蒜粉或铜（63和180毫克/千克）均可降低血浆胆固醇、肝脏胆固醇、血液还原型谷胱甘肽以及胸肌和大腿肌肉胆固醇水平。在至少一个实验中，差异在P < 0.05时具有显著性。日粮中的大蒜会降低3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶活性（P = 0.0369），但日粮中铜达到药理水平时则不会（P = 0.982）。喂食铜的鸡脂肪酸合成酶活性降低（P = 0.035）。大蒜和铜补充剂均会降低胆固醇7α-羟化酶活性（分别为P = 0.024和P = 0.022）。这些试验结果证实了大蒜和铜会改变脂质和胆固醇代谢这一发现。然而，它们的作用机制不同。喂食日粮大蒜或铜21天可降低肉鸡的胆固醇水平，而不会改变鸡的生长或饲料效率。
