Carroll G L, Hooper R N, Slater M R, Hartsfield S M, Matthews N S
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
Vet Surg. 1998 Jan-Feb;27(1):75-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1998.tb00101.x.
To determine the safety and efficacy of propofol, after detomidine-butorphanol premedication, for induction and anesthetic maintenance for carotid artery translocation and castration or ovariectomy in goats.
Case series.
Nine 4-month-old Spanish goats (17.1 +/- 2.6 kg) were used to evaluate propofol anesthesia for carotid artery translocation and castration or ovariectomy.
Goats were premedicated with detomidine (10 micrograms/kg intramuscularly [i.m.]) and butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg i.m.) and induced with an initial bolus of propofol (3 to 4 mg/kg intravenously [i.v.]). If necessary for intubation, additional propofol was given in 5-mg (i.v.) increments. Propofol infusion (0.3 mg/kg/min i.v.) was used to maintain anesthesia, and oxygen was insufflated (5 L/min). The infusion rate was adjusted to maintain an acceptable anesthetic plane as determined by movement, muscle relaxation, ocular signs, response to surgery, and cardiopulmonary responses. Systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures, heart rate (HR), ECG, respiratory rate (RR), SpO2, and rectal temperature (T) were recorded every 5 minutes postinduction; arterial blood gas samples were collected every 15 minutes. Normally distributed data are represented as mean +/- SD; other data are medians (range).
Propofol (4.3 +/- 0.9 mg/kg/min i.v.) produced smooth, rapid (15.2 +/- 6 sec) sternal recumbency. Propofol infusion (0.52 +/- 0.11 mg/kg/min i.v.) maintained anesthesia. Mean anesthesia time was 83 +/- 15 minutes. Muscle relaxation was good; eye signs indicated surgical anesthesia; two goats moved before surgery began; one goat moved twice during laparotomy. Means are reported over the course of the data collection period. Means during the anesthesia for pHa (arterial PH), PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3-, and BE (base excess) ranged from 7.233 +/- 0.067 to 7.319 +/- 0.026, 54.1 +/- 4.6 to 65.3 +/- 12.0 mm Hg, 133.1 +/- 45.4 to 183.8 +/- 75.1 mm Hg, 26.9 +/- 2.6 to 28.2 +/- 2.1 mEq/L, and -0.8 +/- 2.9 to 1.4 +/- 2.2 mEq/L. Means over time for MAP were 53 +/- 12 to 85 +/- 21 mm Hg. Mean HR varied over time from 81 +/- 6 to 91 +/- 11 beats/minute; mean RR, from 9 +/- 8 to 15 +/- 5 breaths/minute; SpO2 from 97 +/- 3% to 98 +/- 3%; mean T, from 36.0 +/- 0.6 degrees C to 39.1 +/- 0.7 degrees C. Over time, SpO2 and SaO2 did not change significantly; HR, RR, T, and PaCO2 decreased significantly; SAP, DAP, MAP, pHa, PaO2, and BE increased significantly. HCO3- concentrations increased significantly, peaking at 45 minutes. Recoveries were smooth and rapid; the time from the end of propofol infusion to extubation was 7.3 +/- 3 minutes, to sternal was 9.2 +/- 5 minutes, and to standing was 17.7 +/- 4 minutes. Median number of attempts to stand was two (range of one to four). Postoperative pain was mild to moderate.
Detomidine-butorphanol-propofol provided good anesthesia for carotid artery translocation and neutering in goats.
Detomidine-butorphanol-propofol anesthesia with oxygen insufflation may be safely used for surgical intervention in healthy goats.
确定在使用右美托咪定-布托啡诺进行术前用药后，丙泊酚用于山羊颈动脉移位及去势或卵巢切除手术诱导和麻醉维持的安全性和有效性。
病例系列。
选用9只4月龄西班牙山羊（体重17.1±2.6千克），评估丙泊酚麻醉用于颈动脉移位及去势或卵巢切除手术的效果。
山羊术前肌肉注射右美托咪定（10微克/千克）和布托啡诺（0.1毫克/千克），静脉注射初始剂量的丙泊酚（3至4毫克/千克）进行诱导。如需插管，必要时以5毫克（静脉注射）的增量追加丙泊酚。采用丙泊酚静脉输注（0.3毫克/千克/分钟）维持麻醉，并吹入氧气（5升/分钟）。根据动物的运动、肌肉松弛程度、眼部体征、对手术的反应以及心肺反应，调整输注速率以维持可接受的麻醉平面。诱导后每5分钟记录收缩压（SAP）、平均动脉压（MAP）、舒张压（DAP）、心率（HR）、心电图（ECG）、呼吸频率（RR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）和直肠温度（T）；每15分钟采集动脉血气样本。正态分布数据以均值±标准差表示；其他数据以中位数（范围）表示。
丙泊酚（静脉输注速率4.3±0.9毫克/千克/分钟）使山羊顺利、快速（15.2±6秒）进入胸卧姿势。丙泊酚输注（静脉输注速率0.52±0.11毫克/千克/分钟）维持了麻醉。平均麻醉时间为83±15分钟。肌肉松弛良好；眼部体征表明处于手术麻醉状态；2只山羊在手术开始前出现移动；1只山羊在剖腹手术期间移动了两次。数据为整个数据收集期的均值。麻醉期间动脉血pH值（pHa）、二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、氧分压（PaO2）、碳酸氢根（HCO3-）和碱剩余（BE）的均值范围分别为7.233±0.067至7.319±0.026、54.1±4.6至65.3±12.0毫米汞柱、133.1±45.4至183.8±75.1毫米汞柱、26.9±2.6至28.2±2.1毫当量/升以及-0.8±2.9至1.4±2.2毫当量/升。MAP随时间变化的均值为53±12至85±21毫米汞柱。HR随时间变化的均值为81±6至91±11次/分钟；RR均值为9±8至15±5次/分钟；SpO2均值为97±3%至98±3%；平均T为36.0±0.6摄氏度至39.1±0.7摄氏度。随着时间推移，SpO2和动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）无显著变化；HR、RR、T和PaCO2显著下降；SAP、DAP、MAP、pHa、PaO2和BE显著升高。HCO3-浓度显著升高，在45分钟时达到峰值。恢复过程顺利且迅速；从丙泊酚输注结束至拔管的时间为7.3±3分钟，至胸卧姿势的时间为9.2±5分钟，至站立的时间为17.7±4分钟。站立尝试次数的中位数为2次（范围为1至4次）。术后疼痛为轻至中度。
右美托咪定-布托啡诺-丙泊酚为山羊颈动脉移位及去势手术提供了良好的麻醉效果。
右美托咪定-布托啡诺-丙泊酚麻醉联合吹入氧气可安全用于健康山羊的手术干预。
