Zhang L, Chew F T, Soh S Y, Yi F C, Law S Y, Goh D Y, Lee B W
Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore.
Clin Exp Allergy. 1997 Aug;27(8):876-85.
Immediate hypersensitivity to indoor allergens is known to be associated with allergic asthma. This study evaluated the prevalence and distribution of six indoor allergens in 956 dust samples obtained from homes, childcare centres, schools, and a hospital in tropical Singapore. Seasonality of mite allergens was also assessed.
The major allergens of the Dermatophagoides spp. dust mites, Der p 1 and Der f 1; major cat and dog allergens, Can f 1 (dog) and Fel d 1 (cat); and cockroach, Bla g 1, were measured by specific enzyme immunoassays. Allergen levels of the storage mite, Blomia tropicalis (Blo t), were measured by a fluorescent allergosorbent test (FAST) inhibition assay.
Our results showed that homes had significantly higher concentrations and prevalence of allergens compared with the other locations, except for Bla g 1, where higher mean levels were found in schools. Within the homes, the highest concentrations of mite allergens were found in mattresses (geometric mean: 1.2 microg/g dust Der p 1; 2717 Allergen Units per gram dust [AU/g] Blo t), and carpets (1.5 microg/g Der p 1; 1620 AU/g Blo t), whilst Bla g 1 was mainly concentrated in the storerooms (geometric mean = 3.5 units/g) and kitchens (geometric mean = 5.1 units/g). The major cat and dog allergens were well distributed and not confined to homes with pets. Their highest levels were found in dust of soft furnishings, carpets and mattresses. There was an absence of significant seasonal variation in Der p 1, Der f 1 and Blo t levels in the homes over a 1 year period.
The results indicate that compared with public places, the home consitutes a major reservior of indoor allergens. Allergens of the storage mite, B. tropicalis, should be considered as a major allergenic component of dust in Singapore.
已知对室内过敏原的速发型超敏反应与过敏性哮喘相关。本研究评估了从新加坡热带地区的家庭、儿童保育中心、学校及一家医院采集的956份灰尘样本中六种室内过敏原的流行情况与分布。同时也评估了螨类过敏原的季节性变化。
通过特异性酶免疫测定法检测粉尘螨属尘螨的主要过敏原Der p 1和Der f 1；猫和狗的主要过敏原Can f 1（狗）和Fel d 1（猫）；以及蟑螂过敏原Bla g 1。通过荧光变应原吸附试验（FAST）抑制测定法检测储藏螨热带无爪螨（Blo t）的过敏原水平。
我们的结果显示，与其他场所相比，家庭中的过敏原浓度和流行率显著更高，但蟑螂过敏原Bla g 1除外，学校中的Bla g 1平均水平更高。在家庭中，床垫（几何均值：每克灰尘中1.2微克Der p 1；每克灰尘2717变应原单位[AU/g] Blo t）和地毯（每克灰尘1.5微克Der p 1；每克灰尘1620 AU/g Blo t）中的螨类过敏原浓度最高，而Bla g 1主要集中在储藏室（几何均值 = 3.5单位/克）和厨房（几何均值 = 5.1单位/克）。主要的猫和狗过敏原分布广泛，并不局限于有宠物的家庭。它们在软质家具、地毯和床垫的灰尘中含量最高。家庭中Der p 1、Der f 1和Blo t水平在1年期间没有显著的季节性变化。
结果表明，与公共场所相比，家庭是室内过敏原的主要储存库。储藏螨热带无爪螨的过敏原应被视为新加坡灰尘中主要的致敏成分。
