Olivier I, Ripoll H, Audiffren M
Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Poitiers, France.
Percept Mot Skills. 1997 Aug;85(1):123-7. doi: 10.2466/pms.1997.85.1.123.
The present experiment examined the development of programming interception of a ball's movement across three groups of children ages 6, 8, and 10 years, who were compared with adults. In an interception task we manipulated the subjects' preparation by using Rosenbaum's 1980 precuing procedure. Two levels of precued information were used concerning the effector specified (right or left arm) and the direction of the arm projection (outside or inside). We focused particularly on RT and response errors. Analysis indicated RT decreased across the age groups and errors decreased mainly in the nonprecued condition. A critical period in improvement might be at age 8 as children use precue information to program their movements as efficiently as adults. The duration of effector programming was similar for children and adults but was more precise for the older subjects. For children as well as for adults, the specification of direction occurs after movement initiation and not before.
本实验研究了6岁、8岁和10岁三组儿童以及成年人对球运动的编程拦截能力的发展情况。在拦截任务中，我们采用罗森鲍姆1980年的预提示程序来操纵受试者的准备状态。关于指定效应器（右臂或左臂）和手臂伸展方向（向外或向内），使用了两个水平的预提示信息。我们特别关注反应时间（RT）和反应错误。分析表明，反应时间在各年龄组中均有所减少，错误主要在非预提示条件下减少。改善的关键时期可能是8岁，因为此时儿童能够像成年人一样有效地利用预提示信息来规划他们的动作。儿童和成年人的效应器编程持续时间相似，但年长受试者的编程更精确。对于儿童和成年人来说，方向的指定都发生在动作开始之后，而不是之前。
