Rosenbaum D A
J Exp Psychol Gen. 1980 Dec;109(4):444-74. doi: 10.1037//0096-3445.109.4.444.
This article presents a method for discovering how the defining values of forthcoming body movements are specified. In experiments using this movement precuing technique, information is given about some, none, or all of the defining values of a movement that will be required when a reaction signal is presented. It is assumed that the reaction time (RT) reflects the time to specify those values that were not precued. With RTs for the same movements in different precue conditions, it is possible to make detailed inferences about the value specification process for each of the movements under study. The present experiments were concerned with the specification of the arm, direction, and extent (or distance) of aimed hand movements. In Experiment 1 it appeared that (a) specification times during RTs were longest for arm, shorter for direction, and shortest for extent, and (b) these values were specified serially but not in an invariant order. Experiment 2 suggested that the precuing effects obtained in Experiment 1 were not attributable to stimulus identification. Experiment 3 suggested that subjects in Experiment 1 did not use precues to prepare sets of possible movements from which the required movement was later selected. The model of value specification supported by the data is consistant with a distinctive-feature view, rather than a hierarchical view, of motor programming.
本文介绍了一种方法，用于探究即将发生的身体动作的定义值是如何被确定的。在使用这种动作预提示技术的实验中，会给出关于一个动作的部分、全部或没有任何定义值的信息，该动作将在呈现反应信号时被要求做出。假设反应时间（RT）反映了确定那些未被预提示的定义值所需的时间。通过在不同预提示条件下对相同动作的反应时间，可以对所研究的每个动作的值确定过程做出详细推断。当前的实验关注的是目标手部动作的手臂、方向和幅度（或距离）的确定。在实验1中，似乎（a）反应时间内的确定时间对于手臂来说最长，对于方向来说较短，对于幅度来说最短，并且（b）这些值是按顺序确定的，但顺序并不固定。实验2表明，实验1中获得的预提示效应并非归因于刺激识别。实验3表明，实验1中的受试者没有使用预提示来准备一系列可能的动作，随后从这些动作中选择所需的动作。数据支持的值确定模型与运动编程的独特特征观点一致，而不是层次观点。
