Steyn K, Kazenellenbogen J M, Lombard C J, Bourne L T
Programme for Chronic Disease of Lifestyle, Medical Research Council, Parowvallei, South Africa.
J Cardiovasc Risk. 1997 Apr;4(2):135-42.
Men and women have experienced differing patterns of urbanization. Men spent more time in the city as migrant labourers, which could be attributed to the influx control legislation during the apartheid years.
To investigate urban exposure among black people of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, in relation to unhealthy lifestyles and the risk factors for chronic diseases of lifestyle.
Blood pressure, height, weight and serum cholesterol were measured in a random sample of 986 persons, aged 15-64 years. Sociodemographic details, urban exposure, dietary intake patterns and personal habits were elicited by questionnaire. An urbanization index (percentage of life spent in a city), the dietary Keys score and body mass index were calculated. Linear regression modelling for cholesterol and hypertension, and multiple correspondence analysis for risk factors and demographic characteristics were performed.
The degree of urbanization had no effect on total serum cholesterol concentrations, which were very low compared with other groups in South Africa. Hypertension was independently related to age, obesity and the degree of urbanization. Smoking patterns were influenced by the degree of urbanization in women only. Correspondence analysis identified groups with clusters of risk factors: formal housing-westernized diet-highly urbanized; male-normal weight-increased exercise-alcohol-smoking; female-obesity-non-smoking; and hypertension-ageing.
Those who spent larger proportions of their lives in an urban setting tended to have unhealthier lifestyles and higher risk for chronic diseases lifestyle compared with their less urbanized counterparts. Groups to whom intervention should be targeted were also identified.
男性和女性经历了不同的城市化模式。男性作为农民工在城市中花费的时间更多，这可能归因于种族隔离时期的人口流入控制立法。
调查南非开普敦半岛黑人的城市暴露情况，及其与不健康生活方式和慢性生活方式疾病风险因素的关系。
对986名年龄在15 - 64岁的随机样本进行血压、身高、体重和血清胆固醇测量。通过问卷调查获取社会人口学细节、城市暴露情况、饮食摄入模式和个人习惯。计算城市化指数（在城市中度过的生命百分比）、饮食凯斯评分和体重指数。对胆固醇和高血压进行线性回归建模，对风险因素和人口特征进行多重对应分析。
城市化程度对血清总胆固醇浓度没有影响，与南非其他群体相比，该浓度非常低。高血压与年龄、肥胖和城市化程度独立相关。吸烟模式仅在女性中受城市化程度影响。对应分析确定了具有风险因素集群的群体：正规住房 - 西化饮食 - 高度城市化；男性 - 正常体重 - 增加运动 - 饮酒 - 吸烟；女性 - 肥胖 - 不吸烟；以及高血压 - 老龄化。
与城市化程度较低的同龄人相比，那些在城市环境中度过生命较大比例时间的人往往有更不健康的生活方式和更高的慢性生活方式疾病风险。还确定了应针对干预的群体。
