Marsiske M, Klumb P, Baltes M M
Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
Psychol Aging. 1997 Sep;12(3):444-57. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.12.3.444.
In the present study the authors investigated the relationship between visual and auditory acuity and everyday activity functioning. Participants were 516 older adults (70-103 years; equal numbers of men and women) who were members of the age-stratified Berlin Aging Study. Two categories of everyday activity functioning, perceived competence with basic activities of daily living (BaCo; basic competence) and amount of participation in discretionary social and leisure tasks (ExCo; expanded competence), were examined. The results revealed that sensory acuity, particularly vision, was a significant predictor of both BaCo and ExCo (rs ranging from .32 to .47). Indeed, hearing and vision could explain most of the age-related variance in everyday activities. At the same time, in the context of a broader model, evidence for the differential prediction of BaCo and ExCo was found, although there was also evidence for strong general age-related predictive variance that was common to both measures. Discussion focuses on the role of sensory acuity constructs as mediators of age-related variance in psychological and behavioral outcomes and the potential causal implications of this mediation.
在本研究中，作者调查了视力和听力与日常活动功能之间的关系。参与者为516名老年人（70 - 103岁；男女数量相等），他们是年龄分层的柏林衰老研究的成员。研究考察了两类日常活动功能，即对日常生活基本活动的感知能力（BaCo；基本能力）和参与自主社交及休闲任务的程度（ExCo；扩展能力）。结果显示，感官敏锐度，尤其是视力，是BaCo和ExCo的显著预测指标（相关系数范围为0.32至0.47）。事实上，听力和视力可以解释日常活动中大部分与年龄相关的差异。同时，在更广泛的模型背景下，发现了对BaCo和ExCo进行差异预测的证据，尽管也有证据表明这两项指标存在与年龄相关的强烈一般预测差异。讨论聚焦于感官敏锐度结构作为心理和行为结果中与年龄相关差异的中介的作用，以及这种中介的潜在因果影响。
