Zelinski E M, Burnight K P
Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Psychol Aging. 1997 Sep;12(3):503-13. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.12.3.503.
The authors describe assessment of 16-year changes in memory and intellectual abilities in a sample of 106 adults ages 30-36 and 55-81 at baseline. Results suggest that there are reliable 16-year declines in list and test recall but not in recognition after age 55. Comparisons of predictions of change from the cross-sectional baseline sample indicated that longitudinal changes were either similar to or greater than predicted for those participants over the age of 60. Despite age differences in initial scores, a comparison of 2 cohorts in a time lag analysis showed that they did not differ in performance when they were in their 70s. These results suggest that age changes in list and text recall in older adults are due to age-related declines rather than to cohort differences and that age declines in recognition are not reliable.
作者描述了对106名年龄在30 - 36岁和55 - 81岁的成年人样本进行的记忆和智力能力16年变化的评估，这些样本在基线时接受了测试。结果表明，55岁以后，列表和测试回忆能力出现了可靠的16年下降，但识别能力没有下降。对横断面基线样本变化预测的比较表明，60岁以上参与者的纵向变化与预测结果相似或更大。尽管初始分数存在年龄差异，但在时间滞后分析中对两个队列的比较表明，他们在70多岁时的表现没有差异。这些结果表明，老年人列表和文本回忆能力的年龄变化是由于与年龄相关的下降，而不是队列差异，并且识别能力的年龄下降并不可靠。
