Siegelman E S, Outwater E K, Banner M P, Ramchandani P, Anderson T L, Schnall M D
Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
Radiographics. 1997 Sep-Oct;17(5):1183-203. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.17.5.9308110.
High-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with pelvic phased-array and endoluminal coils provides information on vaginal abnormalities heretofore not available with other imaging modalities. Congenital anomalies of the vagina can result from disorders of lateral fusion of the descending müllerian ducts and ascending urogenital sinus, developmental absence of the müllerian ducts, or disorders of vertical fusion. In these conditions, MR imaging can depict the presence or absence of the vagina, cervix, and uterus and help determine whether these structures contain a septum or are duplicated or distended with blood. Gartner duct cysts and Bartholin gland cysts have the same signal intensity characteristics, but the former are located in the anterolateral aspect of the proximal third of the vagina and the latter are in the posterolateral portion of the lower vagina. Entero-, vesico-, and ureterovaginal fistulas result from obstetric and surgical trauma, radiation therapy, or inflammatory bowel disease. MR imaging has great potential for detection and characterization of these fistulas. MR imaging can be used to detect and stage primary and secondary vaginal tumors. However, neither signal intensity nor patterns of enhancement enable confident prediction of the histologic subtype of vaginal malignancy.
使用盆腔相控阵线圈和腔内线圈的高分辨率磁共振（MR）成像可提供有关阴道异常的信息，而这些信息是其他成像方式迄今无法提供的。阴道先天性异常可能源于中肾管下降和泌尿生殖窦上升过程中的侧方融合障碍、中肾管发育缺失或垂直融合障碍。在这些情况下，MR成像可以显示阴道、宫颈和子宫的存在与否，并有助于确定这些结构是否含有隔膜、是否重复或因血液而扩张。加特纳管囊肿和巴氏腺囊肿具有相同的信号强度特征，但前者位于阴道近端三分之一的前外侧，后者位于阴道下段的后外侧。肠阴道瘘、膀胱阴道瘘和输尿管阴道瘘是由产科和外科创伤、放射治疗或炎症性肠病引起的。MR成像在检测和表征这些瘘管方面具有很大潜力。MR成像可用于检测原发性和继发性阴道肿瘤并进行分期。然而，信号强度和强化模式都无法可靠地预测阴道恶性肿瘤的组织学亚型。
