Conservative management of azoospermia following steroid abuse.

As well as athletes and competitive body builders, recreational body builders attending gymnasia are known to abuse anabolic steroids, using doses from 10- to 40-fold above physiological levels. Androgenic steroids induce hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with associated azoospermia, leading to infertility. Little literature exists on the treatment of steroid-induced azoospermia following the cessation of abuse. We present four cases of steroid-induced azoospermia, its conservative management and eventual return of normal semen density.